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小眾干貨!騰訊設(shè)計(jì)師幫你掌握基于任務(wù)的導(dǎo)航設(shè)計(jì)
時(shí)間:2019-04-23 09:53:21
文章發(fā)布:李陽(yáng)
原創(chuàng)作者:未知
來(lái)源:互聯(lián)網(wǎng)

小眾干貨!騰訊設(shè)計(jì)師幫你掌握基于任務(wù)的導(dǎo)航設(shè)計(jì)-藝源科技

用過(guò)Windows控制面板的同學(xué)應(yīng)該都體會(huì)過(guò)那種找不到目標(biāo),一打開(kāi)直接懵了的感覺(jué),因?yàn)檫@類基于任務(wù)導(dǎo)航的產(chǎn)品,要求設(shè)計(jì)師要對(duì)產(chǎn)品用戶以及用戶任務(wù)一個(gè)非常清晰的認(rèn)識(shí),今天騰訊同學(xué)從企業(yè)QQ的實(shí)戰(zhàn)中總結(jié)了不少經(jīng)驗(yàn),對(duì)這類小眾但很有可能用到的知識(shí),建議收藏喲。

對(duì)于不同平臺(tái)導(dǎo)航的交互形式與視覺(jué)樣式,已經(jīng)有不少的文章來(lái)介紹與總結(jié)。本文所介紹的是關(guān)于導(dǎo)航規(guī)劃思路,一個(gè)比較小眾的領(lǐng)域,基于任務(wù)的導(dǎo)航。

目前產(chǎn)品主要使用基于對(duì)象的導(dǎo)航和基于任務(wù)的導(dǎo)航。相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)的,純粹的基于對(duì)象的導(dǎo)航的較為常見(jiàn),但純粹的基于任務(wù)的導(dǎo)航的產(chǎn)品卻為數(shù)不多。不少業(yè)務(wù)復(fù)雜的產(chǎn)品會(huì)考慮混合使用這兩種導(dǎo)航,主輔結(jié)合來(lái)盡可能覆蓋用戶的使用場(chǎng)景。

如何區(qū)分導(dǎo)航的組織方式?

簡(jiǎn)單的的區(qū)分法,關(guān)注導(dǎo)航標(biāo)簽的命名方式?;趯?duì)象的導(dǎo)航,通常使用名詞作為導(dǎo)航標(biāo)簽,標(biāo)簽指向目標(biāo)事物;基于任務(wù)的導(dǎo)航,通常使用動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)賓短語(yǔ)作為導(dǎo)航標(biāo)簽,標(biāo)簽指向動(dòng)作行為。

基于對(duì)象的導(dǎo)航

這類界面在日常中比較常見(jiàn),以名詞為主的導(dǎo)航標(biāo)簽。

小眾干貨!騰訊設(shè)計(jì)師幫你掌握基于任務(wù)的導(dǎo)航設(shè)計(jì)-藝源科技

基于任務(wù)的導(dǎo)航

可以關(guān)注界面中的導(dǎo)航標(biāo)簽的命名,以動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)賓短語(yǔ)為主,關(guān)注事務(wù)的執(zhí)行?;谌蝿?wù)的導(dǎo)航通常在工具應(yīng)用型的產(chǎn)品中。

AT&T的賬戶管理頁(yè)面,導(dǎo)航按照任務(wù)作為劃分與指引。

小眾干貨!騰訊設(shè)計(jì)師幫你掌握基于任務(wù)的導(dǎo)航設(shè)計(jì)-藝源科技

主導(dǎo)航

小眾干貨!騰訊設(shè)計(jì)師幫你掌握基于任務(wù)的導(dǎo)航設(shè)計(jì)-藝源科技

其他輔助導(dǎo)航

小眾干貨!騰訊設(shè)計(jì)師幫你掌握基于任務(wù)的導(dǎo)航設(shè)計(jì)-藝源科技

這是 Fedex的官網(wǎng),界面導(dǎo)航基本都是基于任務(wù)的劃分與拆解。

小眾干貨!騰訊設(shè)計(jì)師幫你掌握基于任務(wù)的導(dǎo)航設(shè)計(jì)-藝源科技

導(dǎo)航細(xì)節(jié)

小眾干貨!騰訊設(shè)計(jì)師幫你掌握基于任務(wù)的導(dǎo)航設(shè)計(jì)-藝源科技

使用基于任務(wù)導(dǎo)航的產(chǎn)品,對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)師有較高要求,對(duì)產(chǎn)品涉及的用戶以及用戶任務(wù)要有一個(gè)的非常清晰的認(rèn)識(shí)。產(chǎn)品的導(dǎo)航核心是基于任務(wù)的,那么任務(wù)分析就顯得尤為重要。

任務(wù)分析的工具與方法

對(duì)于單個(gè)的任務(wù)分析,關(guān)注于任務(wù)的本身要素與影響因素。

1、決策表。把活動(dòng)中的條件與行為加以區(qū)分,根據(jù)不同的條件采取不同行為的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系以表格形式展示。

2、流程圖。以活動(dòng)流程圖的形式來(lái)展示任務(wù)的操作要素與流向。

對(duì)于多個(gè)的任務(wù)分析,關(guān)注于任務(wù)間的關(guān)系梳理,尤其適合那些邏輯、順序模糊的任務(wù)。

3、語(yǔ)句描述。通過(guò)語(yǔ)言的組織來(lái)展示任務(wù)的要素、關(guān)系以及執(zhí)行要求。

4、時(shí)間序列。依據(jù)行為執(zhí)行時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短以及順序來(lái)展示整個(gè)活動(dòng)過(guò)程中各個(gè)任務(wù)的優(yōu)先級(jí)以及相互關(guān)系。

5、任務(wù)清單。把活動(dòng)中所有的任務(wù)逐個(gè)羅列出來(lái),并標(biāo)識(shí)先后順序、重要程度、頻率等。任務(wù)清單的難點(diǎn)在于羅列的完整性,許多的伴生任務(wù)以及支線任務(wù)容易在梳理的過(guò)程中遺漏。

何時(shí)考慮使用基于任務(wù)的導(dǎo)航?

1、明確用戶的首要目標(biāo)。以尋找或探索事物為目標(biāo)的,適合使用基于對(duì)象的導(dǎo)航為主;以把事情完成為目標(biāo)的,適合使用基于任務(wù)的導(dǎo)航為主。

2、明確產(chǎn)品定位與功能。官網(wǎng)、博客等展示類的產(chǎn)品適合基于對(duì)象的導(dǎo)航。管理后臺(tái)等應(yīng)用類的產(chǎn)品適合基于任務(wù)的導(dǎo)航。

對(duì)于不同主題對(duì)象提供同一功能為主的產(chǎn)品,適合基于對(duì)象的導(dǎo)航;對(duì)于同一主題對(duì)象提供不同功能的產(chǎn)品,適合基于任務(wù)的導(dǎo)航。

3、考慮混合使用對(duì)象導(dǎo)航與任務(wù)導(dǎo)航。

在應(yīng)用過(guò)程過(guò)程中,不拘泥于純粹的對(duì)象導(dǎo)航還是的任務(wù)導(dǎo)航。靈活使用主次混合導(dǎo)航,充分利用各自在使用場(chǎng)景下用戶認(rèn)知優(yōu)勢(shì),取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短,完善產(chǎn)品的整體導(dǎo)航。

實(shí)際案例的啟迪

Windows 控制面板,如果我們把控制面板看作一個(gè)獨(dú)立的應(yīng)用。

當(dāng)用戶打開(kāi)控制面板,界面如下:

小眾干貨!騰訊設(shè)計(jì)師幫你掌握基于任務(wù)的導(dǎo)航設(shè)計(jì)-藝源科技

這是一個(gè)使用混合導(dǎo)航模式的界面設(shè)計(jì),以對(duì)象作為認(rèn)知主線,用戶任務(wù)作為行為指引。綠色的鏈接主要是名詞或名詞性短語(yǔ),這是基于對(duì)象的導(dǎo)航設(shè)計(jì)。藍(lán)色的鏈接是動(dòng)賓短語(yǔ)(操作+對(duì)象),這是基于任務(wù)導(dǎo)航的設(shè)計(jì)。

然而,這卻是一個(gè)充滿爭(zhēng)議的界面,不少人抱怨這個(gè)頁(yè)面不好用。用戶往往找不到所需要的功能,更愿意切換到大圖標(biāo)/小圖標(biāo)視圖進(jìn)行功能的索引。

小眾干貨!騰訊設(shè)計(jì)師幫你掌握基于任務(wù)的導(dǎo)航設(shè)計(jì)-藝源科技

是什么造成了用戶抱怨?

回憶一下控制面板的使用場(chǎng)景,用戶通常是有著明確使用目標(biāo),使用頻率較低等特點(diǎn)。

這些特點(diǎn),形成的使用預(yù)期是能夠快速找到并使用設(shè)置功能。降低使用效率的點(diǎn),將會(huì)引起用戶的抱怨。

1、依賴層次閱讀。從界面設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)推斷,當(dāng)時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)師可能是希望用戶通過(guò)綠色文字的快速閱讀進(jìn)行范圍定位,然后再根據(jù)藍(lán)色文字進(jìn)行操作定位。設(shè)計(jì)師通過(guò)分組聚類的方式試圖降低每個(gè)界面信息量,畢竟設(shè)置項(xiàng)非常多。但是更多的人,在使用這個(gè)界面時(shí)使用的是順序閱讀,短時(shí)間內(nèi)面對(duì)不同的維度導(dǎo)航指引,容易造成認(rèn)知困惑。

2、任務(wù)的短語(yǔ)文字冗長(zhǎng),造成核心信息獲取效率的降低。雖然標(biāo)簽的文案單個(gè)看起來(lái)更自然親切,但在短語(yǔ)的信息需要閱讀完畢后才能獲取到。

3、任務(wù)數(shù)目遠(yuǎn)大于對(duì)象數(shù)目,無(wú)形中提高了檢索成本。

我的心得

1、審視用戶對(duì)任務(wù)的認(rèn)知

不同產(chǎn)品對(duì)于用戶任務(wù)的詮釋存在較大差異。由于基于任務(wù)的導(dǎo)航,對(duì)用戶的認(rèn)知、場(chǎng)景的覆蓋有較高要求,不當(dāng)?shù)氖褂萌菀捉档涂捎眯浴?/span>

我們將用戶認(rèn)知拆解成這幾個(gè)維度去考察:目標(biāo)性強(qiáng)弱、任務(wù)執(zhí)行的頻度、核心任務(wù)數(shù)量。

2、重新組織任務(wù)與對(duì)象

對(duì)于展示型的產(chǎn)品中,我們更推薦使用基于對(duì)象的導(dǎo)航。

對(duì)于常用的服務(wù)型、功能型產(chǎn)品,用戶往往對(duì)產(chǎn)品所能提供的服務(wù)比較熟悉,或者有生活實(shí)際映射。如果能夠?qū)?chǎng)景拆為幾個(gè)界線明晰的子場(chǎng)景,則可以考慮使用以任務(wù)導(dǎo)航為主,對(duì)象導(dǎo)航為輔的模式。

對(duì)于使用頻率較低的服務(wù)型、功能型產(chǎn)品,可以考慮使用以對(duì)象導(dǎo)航為主,任務(wù)導(dǎo)航為輔的模式。對(duì)象容易識(shí)別與認(rèn)知,通過(guò)對(duì)象導(dǎo)航優(yōu)勢(shì)可以增強(qiáng)用戶對(duì)產(chǎn)品的認(rèn)知,尤其適合新用戶。通過(guò)任務(wù)導(dǎo)航的輔助串聯(lián),將功能場(chǎng)景化,提高的使用效率。

項(xiàng)目中的嘗試

企業(yè)QQ,一款針對(duì)公司全體員工的辦公I(xiàn)M管理軟件。除了日常使用的IM終端,還有一個(gè)面向管理者的管理系統(tǒng)。

我們首先看管理任務(wù)的特點(diǎn)。管理者對(duì)于管理內(nèi)容與任務(wù)目的性比較強(qiáng),使用頻率較低。在枚舉任務(wù)時(shí)候,容易發(fā)現(xiàn)任務(wù)種類和數(shù)量非常多,存在較多的關(guān)聯(lián)性任務(wù),在場(chǎng)景的劃分上,較難劃分出界線清晰的子場(chǎng)景。

所以我們嘗試使用以對(duì)象導(dǎo)航為主,任務(wù)導(dǎo)航為輔的模式。利用基于任務(wù)的導(dǎo)航來(lái)彌補(bǔ)對(duì)象導(dǎo)航中存在的遺憾,將關(guān)聯(lián)功能/場(chǎng)景進(jìn)行串起。關(guān)聯(lián)功能,轉(zhuǎn)為任務(wù)緯度可以是相似任務(wù)或分支任務(wù)。

小眾干貨!騰訊設(shè)計(jì)師幫你掌握基于任務(wù)的導(dǎo)航設(shè)計(jì)-藝源科技

作為一個(gè)小眾的領(lǐng)域,國(guó)內(nèi)交互設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域?qū)Υ颂接懙牟⒉欢?,在產(chǎn)品實(shí)踐中則更少。國(guó)外不少有產(chǎn)品在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行實(shí)際應(yīng)用。界面的截圖,也多來(lái)自于此。文中列舉的界面樣式可能會(huì)過(guò)時(shí),但是其背后的設(shè)計(jì)思路是可以不斷學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)悟的。

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