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Facebook產(chǎn)品總監(jiān)：設(shè)計(jì)師如何從四個(gè)方面提升產(chǎn)品思維？
時(shí)間：2019-04-27 10:06:30
文章發(fā)布：李陽(yáng)
原創(chuàng)作者：未知
來(lái)源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)

Facebook產(chǎn)品總監(jiān)：設(shè)計(jì)師如何從四個(gè)方面提升產(chǎn)品思維？-藝源科技

在UX逐漸突破UI層面而廣義發(fā)展的時(shí)代，產(chǎn)品汪和設(shè)計(jì)喵在思維模式和工作方式上的共通之處會(huì)越發(fā)明顯。無(wú)論產(chǎn)品經(jīng)理還是設(shè)計(jì)師，優(yōu)秀的“產(chǎn)品制造者”身上都具有一些相同的特質(zhì)：他們有開(kāi)闊的視野，對(duì)目標(biāo)用戶(hù)有清晰的認(rèn)知，能描繪出動(dòng)人的遠(yuǎn)景，并且有著持之以恒的執(zhí)行能力。

當(dāng)然，在現(xiàn)實(shí)中，設(shè)計(jì)師和PM的面試題還是有著很大區(qū)別的。設(shè)計(jì)職位當(dāng)中的某些附加分題目對(duì)PM同學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)可能正是決定去留的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題，反之亦然。這兩個(gè)職能之間有很多東西值得彼此互相學(xué)習(xí)。過(guò)去這些年里，我和業(yè)界當(dāng)中的一些頂端PM進(jìn)行過(guò)合作，自然也從他們身上學(xué)到了一些成功要素，在這里分享給大家。


對(duì)于問(wèn)題的系統(tǒng)化思考與表述

很多設(shè)計(jì)師總是傾向于立刻著手解決問(wèn)題然后將設(shè)計(jì)方案展示出來(lái)。只是，如果你不首先搞清楚為什么做這件事，那么很有可能從一開(kāi)始就南轅北轍。要解決的問(wèn)題本質(zhì)是什么？怎樣考量問(wèn)題是否被有效的解決？有時(shí)我們會(huì)拋出“一致性”或“簡(jiǎn)約”一類(lèi)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)衡量設(shè)計(jì)方案的成功與否，從系統(tǒng)化的產(chǎn)品角度來(lái)看，這些設(shè)計(jì)原則更多的是聚焦于解決方案，而非要解決的問(wèn)題本身 – 實(shí)際用戶(hù)當(dāng)中沒(méi)人會(huì)說(shuō)“我不能用這個(gè)app，它太缺乏一致性了”或是“這個(gè)app對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)太不簡(jiǎn)約了”等等。

一份由PM產(chǎn)出的關(guān)于“我們?yōu)槭裁匆鯴XX”的典型文檔可以反映出這種系統(tǒng)化的思考模式，其中通常會(huì)包含對(duì)于產(chǎn)品目標(biāo)及成功標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的定義，以及用來(lái)支持這些定義的統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果、研究報(bào)告等等；對(duì)于可能存在的疑點(diǎn)或不利因素的解釋說(shuō)明往往也會(huì)提前被考慮進(jìn)來(lái)。你可以感受到這些文檔是建立在全面而堅(jiān)實(shí)的思考基礎(chǔ)之上的。

顯然，要產(chǎn)出這樣的文檔，PM必須真的坐在那里進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)化的思考然后一字一句的表述出來(lái)；不對(duì)問(wèn)題本質(zhì)進(jìn)行深層的探究是很難完成的。

將想法轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槲淖?，記錄的過(guò)程會(huì)逐漸使你學(xué)會(huì)站在系統(tǒng)化的角度思考問(wèn)題。試著將文字表述作為設(shè)計(jì)流程實(shí)際開(kāi)始之前的探索工具，強(qiáng)迫自己養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣去站在系統(tǒng)化的層面上去描述清楚要解決的問(wèn)題是什么、怎樣才算解決問(wèn)題、為什么你的想法將是行之有效的。久而久之，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅自己的設(shè)計(jì)思路變得更加聚焦，而且文字產(chǎn)出也可以幫你更好的與他人進(jìn)行溝通。

Facebook產(chǎn)品總監(jiān)：設(shè)計(jì)師如何從四個(gè)方面提升產(chǎn)品思維？-藝源科技


直截了當(dāng)、簡(jiǎn)明扼要的溝通

通常，在產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)當(dāng)中，我們對(duì)于產(chǎn)品人員在溝通能力方面的要求要高于設(shè)計(jì)師。PM們大都更擅長(zhǎng)于語(yǔ)言和文字交流，包括溝通需求、做演示和主持會(huì)議等等。盡可能在這些場(chǎng)合里多進(jìn)行觀察，學(xué)習(xí)他們的溝通技能。

正如上文所說(shuō)，充分的思考與準(zhǔn)備是有效溝通的核心基礎(chǔ)，而另外一個(gè)關(guān)鍵要素則是直接了當(dāng)、簡(jiǎn)明扼要的切入主題。我所學(xué)到的一個(gè)方法就是在會(huì)議或溝通對(duì)話(huà)進(jìn)行之前首先和自己明確兩個(gè)問(wèn)題：

  • ○ 我期望的結(jié)果是怎樣的？

  • ○ 我需要對(duì)方提供怎樣的協(xié)助才能實(shí)現(xiàn)期望的結(jié)果？

如果能簡(jiǎn)明扼要的表達(dá)出這兩點(diǎn)，你會(huì)為彼此節(jié)省出很多時(shí)間，而且對(duì)方也能清晰準(zhǔn)確的理解你的意思。不用花費(fèi)太多時(shí)間去營(yíng)造所謂的溝通氛圍或是扯什么文字游戲，時(shí)間是寶貴的資源，快速而準(zhǔn)確的溝通對(duì)大家都有好處。

Facebook產(chǎn)品總監(jiān)：設(shè)計(jì)師如何從四個(gè)方面提升產(chǎn)品思維？-藝源科技


化整為零，步步為營(yíng)

良好的執(zhí)行力是優(yōu)秀PM的重要標(biāo)志。我們?cè)诋a(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)工作中所面對(duì)的問(wèn)題有時(shí)就像一張告訴你三千英里以外有一箱金幣的藏寶圖，中間盡是密林、沼澤與險(xiǎn)峰 – 我們?cè)撛鯓訉?shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)？

這種情況下，PM往往會(huì)采取的策略就是將大問(wèn)題解構(gòu)為一系列彼此之間依賴(lài)性較弱的更容易解決的小問(wèn)題，從而步步為營(yíng)的進(jìn)行推進(jìn) – 與其面對(duì)叢山峻嶺無(wú)所適從，不如先收拾好行囊。打包完畢？OK，步行到臨近的村落，不再前行，找一家酒館慶祝一下睡一覺(jué)。第二天，遠(yuǎn)足到叢林邊緣便好，晚上點(diǎn)起篝火講講故事一類(lèi)。第三天，派出兩隊(duì)人馬去摸清林子當(dāng)中的路徑，然后大家一起分析怎樣繼續(xù)前行…

這種方式同樣可以成就設(shè)計(jì)之旅 – 以某個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)方向作為遠(yuǎn)景目標(biāo)，根據(jù)產(chǎn)品需要解決的不同類(lèi)型的問(wèn)題將大的設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)分解成若干部分，并依據(jù)優(yōu)先級(jí)逐一解決實(shí)現(xiàn)。進(jìn)行解構(gòu)時(shí)，原則上要盡量降低各個(gè)部分之間的依賴(lài)關(guān)系，使顆粒度盡可能小，每個(gè)部分之間盡可能保持獨(dú)立 – 我曾經(jīng)參與過(guò)復(fù)雜項(xiàng)目的重設(shè)計(jì)工作，同時(shí)做太多的事著實(shí)讓人頭疼，一旦其中某一個(gè)出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，其他部分也會(huì)受到不同程度的牽連。反之，以合理的方式對(duì)大目標(biāo)進(jìn)行解構(gòu)，將問(wèn)題分類(lèi)，記錄版本變更，這些都是更行之有效的策略。


擴(kuò)展視野，兼顧全局

作為設(shè)計(jì)師，我們太容易過(guò)分聚焦于界面細(xì)節(jié)而無(wú)法自拔，所謂精益求精或匠人精神一類(lèi)，指望用戶(hù)相信你是在意他們的體驗(yàn)的。實(shí)際上要想真正達(dá)到這一效果，我們需要的是更高層次的聚焦。必須承認(rèn)，要打造對(duì)人們真正有用的偉大產(chǎn)品，所需要的絕不僅僅是優(yōu)秀的界面。PM們從始至終都要在商業(yè)目標(biāo)、產(chǎn)品策略、設(shè)計(jì)方案、開(kāi)發(fā)資源等各個(gè)方面之間尋求平衡，而設(shè)計(jì)師們也應(yīng)該學(xué)著擴(kuò)展視野，關(guān)注到整個(gè)產(chǎn)品流程當(dāng)中的各個(gè)方面。

這意味著你要花時(shí)間和心思去理解公司的業(yè)務(wù)目標(biāo)，使設(shè)計(jì)方向更符合公司的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)規(guī)劃路線。

這意味著你要關(guān)心整個(gè)產(chǎn)品團(tuán)隊(duì)的健康運(yùn)作，例如各個(gè)職能戰(zhàn)線能否通力協(xié)作，士氣是否高漲，團(tuán)隊(duì)成員之間是否互相信任等等。當(dāng)然，這些都不是你在這里工作的首要職責(zé)，但是如果你真的在意結(jié)果產(chǎn)出能否達(dá)到理想標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，那么對(duì)團(tuán)隊(duì)本身的運(yùn)作和發(fā)展有所貢獻(xiàn)也是應(yīng)盡的義務(wù)。

這意味著你要努力成為別人能夠充分信任并樂(lè)于和你合作的人。

在各方面因素之間尋求平衡不是一件容易的事，需要豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和技巧。從設(shè)計(jì)的角度來(lái)說(shuō)，一方面要在產(chǎn)出當(dāng)中充分體現(xiàn)出你所信仰的原則，同時(shí)又不能以影響團(tuán)隊(duì)整體目標(biāo)與路線的執(zhí)行為代價(jià)。

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