伊人直播app官方正版下载_伊人直播高品质美女在线视频互动社区_伊人直播官方版

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案例實(shí)戰(zhàn)分析!為什么設(shè)計(jì)師也要學(xué)會(huì)判斷優(yōu)先級(jí)?
時(shí)間:2019-05-06 10:08:51
文章發(fā)布:李陽(yáng)
原創(chuàng)作者:未知
來(lái)源:互聯(lián)網(wǎng)

案例實(shí)戰(zhàn)分析!為什么設(shè)計(jì)師也要學(xué)會(huì)判斷優(yōu)先級(jí)?-藝源科技

編者按:今天的案例也是同學(xué)們?nèi)粘9ぷ髦袝?huì)遇到的問(wèn)題,如何兼顧業(yè)務(wù)目標(biāo)和用戶體驗(yàn)?這里邊涉及到的判斷優(yōu)先級(jí)問(wèn)題,其實(shí)大有學(xué)問(wèn)。掌握這個(gè)思路,相當(dāng)于半個(gè)產(chǎn)品經(jīng)理,以后和產(chǎn)品的爭(zhēng)執(zhí)會(huì)大大減少,來(lái)自阿里交互專家,特別推薦閱讀。

我的主管經(jīng)常對(duì)我們說(shuō):產(chǎn)品經(jīng)理重要的能力就是判斷優(yōu)先級(jí),不然就不叫產(chǎn)品經(jīng)理,而是需求經(jīng)理。以前我聽了總是不以為然,覺(jué)得判斷優(yōu)先級(jí)就是優(yōu)先做緊急的和實(shí)現(xiàn)成本低的需求,毫無(wú)技術(shù)含量;而設(shè)計(jì)師需要從用戶的整體使用流程綜合考慮,給出一個(gè)理想而完整的方案。所以很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間,我都覺(jué)得產(chǎn)品經(jīng)理大多是在做救火的事情,而只有設(shè)計(jì)師才有條件和能力從用戶的角度全盤考慮,從根本上解決問(wèn)題。

直到今年遇到這兩件事情,我才有了不一樣的認(rèn)識(shí)。


不會(huì)判斷優(yōu)先級(jí)的悲劇

年初時(shí),主管發(fā)動(dòng)了一場(chǎng)關(guān)于易用性方案的PK活動(dòng)。一個(gè)產(chǎn)品經(jīng)理拿出了彈層引導(dǎo)的方案(在每個(gè)頁(yè)面都有若干引導(dǎo)),當(dāng)時(shí)我簡(jiǎn)直笑壞了,心想這不是在破衣服上打補(bǔ)丁嗎,完全是治標(biāo)不治本的做法;我拿出了自己的方案:從深層次分析易用性不好的原因,重新梳理流程,給出了一個(gè)全新的方案,該方案從根本上改進(jìn)了易用性問(wèn)題,使用流程大幅縮減,信息結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)明易懂。當(dāng)時(shí)我講完我的方案,收獲了全場(chǎng)的掌聲。很多人表示開了眼界,從沒(méi)想過(guò)還可以這么做,也見(jiàn)識(shí)了交互設(shè)計(jì)的專業(yè)性。

但主管選擇了彈層的方案。理由是我們承辦了一個(gè)活動(dòng),短期內(nèi)將有非常大量的用戶迅速涌入,而目前產(chǎn)品的易用性存在很大問(wèn)題,我們必須在短時(shí)間內(nèi)以小代價(jià)解決。兩個(gè)方案擺在面前,怎么判斷優(yōu)先級(jí),不是看哪個(gè)方案好就選哪個(gè),而是要圍繞業(yè)務(wù)目標(biāo)。

我當(dāng)時(shí)覺(jué)得主管說(shuō)的也對(duì),于是過(guò)了一段時(shí)間,我選擇提出離開,因?yàn)樵谀壳暗臉I(yè)務(wù)環(huán)境中實(shí)在找不到自己的位置。當(dāng)然我沒(méi)有離開,也許是因?yàn)椴幌胂蚶щy低頭,覺(jué)得自己還有很大提升空間,早晚有一天會(huì)克服困難。

近期一段時(shí)間,易用性的事情又重啟了。因?yàn)橹敖?jīng)過(guò)幾個(gè)月“打補(bǔ)丁”的改進(jìn)方式,易用性還是沒(méi)有很明顯的起色,主管很不滿意,讓我也進(jìn)入這個(gè)項(xiàng)目好好看看。我覺(jué)得機(jī)會(huì)終于來(lái)了,是時(shí)候把我當(dāng)時(shí)的思路和方案重新拿出來(lái)了(由于時(shí)間已經(jīng)過(guò)去大半年,業(yè)務(wù)方面發(fā)生了很多變化,于是我的方案也有所更新,但思路基本不變,還是從整體使用流程考慮,給出較完整的方案)。

review的時(shí)候主管說(shuō)不想看這些看似正確卻抓不住重點(diǎn)的東西,要看具體改進(jìn)了哪些點(diǎn)。幸好我早有準(zhǔn)備列出了一個(gè)list,里面羅列了和線上相比具體的改動(dòng)點(diǎn)。主管一條一條的看,問(wèn)我:你覺(jué)得哪條是緊急的,是有關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)生死問(wèn)題的?我愣了一下,回答:幾乎都不是。主管說(shuō)你們要把所有改動(dòng)的list列出來(lái),根據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)目標(biāo)排好優(yōu)先級(jí),不然你們短期是一定拿不到結(jié)果的。

當(dāng)時(shí)我很不解,我一直覺(jué)得用戶體驗(yàn)是一個(gè)完整的過(guò)程,不是一個(gè)個(gè)零散的點(diǎn)。怎么能用改bug的方式去改進(jìn)用戶體驗(yàn)?zāi)亍R郧昂么跷乙沧鲞^(guò)幾年的交互設(shè)計(jì),也沒(méi)出現(xiàn)過(guò)什么問(wèn)題,為什么在這里就玩不轉(zhuǎn)呢。


問(wèn)題出在哪里

我仔細(xì)思考了之前做交互設(shè)計(jì)的經(jīng)歷,發(fā)現(xiàn)忽略了這樣幾個(gè)客觀事實(shí):一是產(chǎn)品經(jīng)理在向設(shè)計(jì)師提需求之前,其實(shí)已經(jīng)分解并排好優(yōu)先級(jí)了;二是改版和日常迭代往往是分開的,很多日常迭代的需求可能和界面無(wú)關(guān),產(chǎn)品經(jīng)理自己消化掉了;三是對(duì)于現(xiàn)在在做的復(fù)雜平臺(tái)型產(chǎn)品,功能邏輯的設(shè)計(jì)遠(yuǎn)大于界面影響,所以必須從表層使用問(wèn)題滲透到功能層面,易用性問(wèn)題才有解(對(duì)比流暢而完整的設(shè)計(jì)方案,功能是相對(duì)獨(dú)立的)。由于我們這里產(chǎn)品經(jīng)理和交互設(shè)計(jì)師的分工并沒(méi)有那么明確,當(dāng)大家共同own易用性改進(jìn)這件事情時(shí),我還在按照以前交互設(shè)計(jì)師的思路做事情,而沒(méi)有根據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)節(jié)奏排列優(yōu)先級(jí)sense的缺點(diǎn)也就暴露無(wú)疑了。

產(chǎn)品經(jīng)理側(cè)重于從產(chǎn)品整體角度(包括業(yè)務(wù)目標(biāo)、功能邏輯、技術(shù)資源、用戶體驗(yàn))去考慮問(wèn)題,并排列優(yōu)先級(jí);而設(shè)計(jì)師側(cè)重于在既定優(yōu)先級(jí)判斷基礎(chǔ)上從用戶角度考慮界面設(shè)計(jì)。太過(guò)考慮業(yè)務(wù)目標(biāo),難免忽視了用戶體驗(yàn);而太過(guò)于考慮用戶體驗(yàn),短期內(nèi)又很難達(dá)成業(yè)務(wù)目標(biāo)。怎樣保證在產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中大限度的不影響體驗(yàn),又能按照業(yè)務(wù)要求拿結(jié)果呢?這里面其實(shí)大有學(xué)問(wèn)。


如何圍繞業(yè)務(wù)目標(biāo)及用戶價(jià)值判斷優(yōu)先級(jí)

一、高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的大手術(shù)還是低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的物理療法

由于我們的產(chǎn)品有比較復(fù)雜的歷史背景,所以易用性問(wèn)題非常突出:功能設(shè)計(jì)復(fù)雜而冗余、信息結(jié)構(gòu)冗余、操作流程復(fù)雜缺乏引導(dǎo),所以我們首先要面臨一個(gè)選擇:是根據(jù)收集到的問(wèn)題逐一改進(jìn),還是整體重構(gòu)。之前就這個(gè)問(wèn)題,我和產(chǎn)品經(jīng)理發(fā)生了巨大的分歧,我強(qiáng)烈建議整體重構(gòu),因?yàn)橛脩舻膯?wèn)題其實(shí)都是建立在目前糟糕的設(shè)計(jì)上的,所以不能哪兒痛醫(yī)哪兒,而是要抓住問(wèn)題根源,徹底根除;而產(chǎn)品經(jīng)理的意見(jiàn)是先改容易改的以及可以快速見(jiàn)到成效的用戶問(wèn)題,這樣才能拿到結(jié)果。

其實(shí)從產(chǎn)品整體視角來(lái)看,答案很明顯:老用戶已經(jīng)養(yǎng)成較穩(wěn)定的使用習(xí)慣,且目前正處在商業(yè)化進(jìn)程中,一切不容有失;而新用戶主動(dòng)使用的場(chǎng)景還不明顯。所以小步快跑的方式是穩(wěn)妥的。但是如果是站在設(shè)計(jì)師的角度來(lái)看,就比較容易迷失在其中。這也是我之前一直強(qiáng)調(diào)的“眼界”和“格局”,說(shuō)出來(lái)容易,但真正做到其實(shí)很難。

二、迭代開發(fā)與增量開發(fā)

現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)確定不做整體重構(gòu),而是定期、快速的產(chǎn)出,那么分解需求的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、形式應(yīng)該是怎樣的呢?正巧上周公司有一個(gè)相關(guān)的培訓(xùn),我聽了后覺(jué)得收獲很大。當(dāng)時(shí)老師舉了一個(gè)例子:如果你有五塊錢,你又不想一下子花出去,你是拆成五個(gè)一塊錢,還是撕成五瓣呢?如果是拆成五個(gè)一塊錢,那每張一塊錢都是可以立即花出去的,而撕成五瓣的話,每一瓣都無(wú)法使用了。這也是迭代開發(fā)的精髓,即把大塊的需求拆分成獨(dú)立的、可交付的若干完整需求,再開發(fā)上線。

用一幅圖來(lái)說(shuō)明(圖片來(lái)源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)):

案例實(shí)戰(zhàn)分析!為什么設(shè)計(jì)師也要學(xué)會(huì)判斷優(yōu)先級(jí)?-藝源科技

△ 迭代開發(fā)

案例實(shí)戰(zhàn)分析!為什么設(shè)計(jì)師也要學(xué)會(huì)判斷優(yōu)先級(jí)?-藝源科技

△ 增量開發(fā)

迭代開發(fā)中,每一次的交付物都是完整、用戶可用的。如同上圖的蒙娜麗莎像,雖然第一幅圖比較粗糙,但是用戶可以看到完整的輪廓,不影響對(duì)整體的理解,而且過(guò)程比較可控,可以隨時(shí)修改;而增量開發(fā)中,每一次的交付物雖然精細(xì),但對(duì)用戶來(lái)說(shuō)不可用,必須全部完成才能拼成一個(gè)完整的、用戶可用的產(chǎn)品,且風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不可控,一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)之前的存在問(wèn)題,也很難回頭了。

而學(xué)過(guò)繪畫的人也都知道,畫畫是先從輪廓開始、逐步迭代、精細(xì)化的過(guò)程,而不是增量的過(guò)程,除非是畫過(guò)千百次這樣的畫,已經(jīng)完全胸有成竹。但顯然這對(duì)我們這樣一個(gè)創(chuàng)新型、充滿各種不確定的產(chǎn)品來(lái)說(shuō)不太合適。

三、MVP原則拆分需求

現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)確定要以迭代開發(fā)而非增量開發(fā)的形式來(lái)拆分需求了,那么具體該怎樣分解呢?

在培訓(xùn)課堂上我們做了這樣一個(gè)練習(xí):聽課人員分成兩個(gè)小組,每個(gè)小組的成員分別在貼紙上寫出自己每天早上從起床到出門需要做的所有事情,組長(zhǎng)把所有的內(nèi)容匯總,再分類展示,得到用戶故事地圖:

案例實(shí)戰(zhàn)分析!為什么設(shè)計(jì)師也要學(xué)會(huì)判斷優(yōu)先級(jí)?-藝源科技

老師問(wèn)大家,整個(gè)過(guò)程大概要多久?大家回答:一個(gè)小時(shí)左右。老師說(shuō):假設(shè)有一天你起晚了,并且這一天你要參加一個(gè)非常重要的會(huì)議,不能遲到?,F(xiàn)在你只有五分鐘的時(shí)間出門,你會(huì)從其中選擇哪些?

案例實(shí)戰(zhàn)分析!為什么設(shè)計(jì)師也要學(xué)會(huì)判斷優(yōu)先級(jí)?-藝源科技

大家一致選擇了上廁所、刷牙、洗臉、換衣服、關(guān)門、鎖門這幾項(xiàng)。雖然大部分事項(xiàng)被省略掉了,但其實(shí)并不影響大家出門。這也就是MVP的理念,即“可行產(chǎn)品”,它無(wú)疑是簡(jiǎn)陋的、粗糙的,但是它是完整的、基本流暢的、用戶可使用的產(chǎn)品。這樣,既可以在短時(shí)間內(nèi)有所產(chǎn)出,又保證了用戶體驗(yàn)的連續(xù)性(不至于因?yàn)榭车籼喙δ芏緹o(wú)法使用);同時(shí)使用這種方法,可以讓項(xiàng)目所有成員都看到一個(gè)完整的用戶場(chǎng)景,可據(jù)此快速討論出優(yōu)先級(jí),避免“只見(jiàn)樹木、不見(jiàn)森林”的情況,節(jié)省了大量的時(shí)間。

對(duì)于一個(gè)老產(chǎn)品的快速迭代,通過(guò)這種方法也可以快速判斷出功能的優(yōu)先級(jí)。然后我們可以重點(diǎn)看該功能對(duì)應(yīng)的用戶反饋,歸納出問(wèn)題的核心原因,得出解決方案,再通過(guò)業(yè)務(wù)價(jià)值、問(wèn)題程度、預(yù)計(jì)效果、開發(fā)成本等因素綜合判斷具體的優(yōu)先級(jí)。

總結(jié)一下心得:以前我會(huì)認(rèn)為排優(yōu)先級(jí)是產(chǎn)品經(jīng)理考慮的事情,設(shè)計(jì)高質(zhì)量的方案才是設(shè)計(jì)師的事情。就好比我用專業(yè)技能打造一個(gè)完美的工藝品,我不應(yīng)該因?yàn)閷?duì)方買不起就自降身價(jià),偷工減料。而現(xiàn)在我會(huì)認(rèn)為根據(jù)市場(chǎng)需要判斷該產(chǎn)出什么樣的工藝品,如何把握制作節(jié)奏,如何更快市場(chǎng)化才是考驗(yàn)?zāi)芰Φ氖虑?。與所有設(shè)計(jì)師共勉!

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