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專業(yè)干貨!向國外設(shè)計(jì)師學(xué)習(xí)UX Design 之用戶體驗(yàn)與可用性
時(shí)間:2019-06-01 09:53:02
文章發(fā)布:李陽
原創(chuàng)作者:未知
來源:互聯(lián)網(wǎng)

近期通過在線教育網(wǎng)站 udemy.com 學(xué)習(xí)的用戶體驗(yàn)課程是《UX Design:The Ultimate Guide To Usability and UX》,接下來幾篇文章會(huì)陸續(xù)分享我的學(xué)習(xí)筆記、課程要點(diǎn),歡迎大家一起學(xué)習(xí)。


一、用戶體驗(yàn)及其商業(yè)價(jià)值

用戶體驗(yàn),是指用戶在使用產(chǎn)品、系統(tǒng)、服務(wù)的過程中,產(chǎn)生的一種純主觀的感受。從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)普及到移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展到如今這樣成熟的階段,越來越被更多的企業(yè)、消費(fèi)者開始看中“用戶體驗(yàn)”。

那么,對于企業(yè)來說,用戶體驗(yàn)的商業(yè)價(jià)值是什么呢?

1、增加收益

產(chǎn)品、系統(tǒng)的可用性的提升,可以讓用戶找到他們需要的產(chǎn)品,放入購物車并完成購買;可以解決銷售障礙,比如運(yùn)輸、退貨、維修等問題。

你的設(shè)計(jì)讓產(chǎn)品/網(wǎng)站更好用,即使需要幫助用戶也可以通過網(wǎng)站自行完成,所以可以節(jié)省很多的幫助或支持服務(wù)的資源。

當(dāng)你的設(shè)計(jì)讓用戶的生活更容易、滿意、喜歡時(shí),他們可能會(huì)愿意支付額外的費(fèi)用。

以上這些均可以實(shí)現(xiàn)收益的提升。

2、減少開支

將時(shí)間花在開發(fā)用戶需要的功能上,而不是做一堆對用戶無用的功能;在產(chǎn)品開發(fā)之前,比如原型設(shè)計(jì)階段就盡早的發(fā)現(xiàn)和優(yōu)化一些可用性的問題;減少因沒有正確理解需求而導(dǎo)致失敗的風(fēng)險(xiǎn);好用的設(shè)計(jì)無需文檔,大程度的減少或消除文檔同樣能減少開支。


二、評估可用性的4個(gè)維度

功能性 functionality:產(chǎn)品是否有用。比如開瓶器,是否能打開一個(gè)瓶子。

易學(xué)習(xí) learnablity:產(chǎn)品是否能直接使用,還是說需要讀說明書才會(huì)使用。

靈活性 flexiblity:產(chǎn)品除了能讓完成主要的任務(wù)之外,是否還能做點(diǎn)別的事情。比如開瓶器,是否既能左手使用、也能右手操作,是否既能開玻璃瓶、又能開易拉罐。

工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)industry design:可以理解為外觀設(shè)計(jì)是否足夠漂亮。以開瓶器為例,在朋友聚會(huì)的時(shí)候,是否能自豪的拿出來放在桌面上,還是只能藏在廚房的某個(gè)角落與各種亂七八糟的東西混在一起。對于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)產(chǎn)品來說,這一點(diǎn)可以理解為視覺設(shè)計(jì)、圖形設(shè)計(jì)。

專業(yè)干貨!向國外設(shè)計(jì)師學(xué)習(xí)UX Design 之用戶體驗(yàn)與可用性-藝源科技


三、影響可用性的三個(gè)要素

繼續(xù)以開瓶器為例:為了判斷4種開瓶器中哪個(gè)易用、哪個(gè)難用,尋找4種不同類型的用戶做調(diào)研。

結(jié)果是,不同用戶選擇的好用、難用的開瓶器各不相同,即使是同一種開瓶器也存在兩種極端的選擇,有人覺得它好用、有人覺得它難用,所謂加之蜜糖乙之砒霜。

為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)這樣的現(xiàn)象呢?因?yàn)闆Q定產(chǎn)品可用性有三大要素:用戶、環(huán)境、任務(wù)/使用目標(biāo)。

回到開瓶器的例子,年齡大的老人,希望開瓶器省力、用著不疼;有小孩的家庭來說,希望開瓶器足夠安全、不至于誤傷小朋友;有的家庭用開瓶器來打開香檳、有的可能是打開罐頭。不同的用戶,使用環(huán)境不同,他們考量的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也有所差異、希望通過產(chǎn)品完成的任務(wù)也有所不同。

專業(yè)干貨!向國外設(shè)計(jì)師學(xué)習(xí)UX Design 之用戶體驗(yàn)與可用性-藝源科技


四、可用性的六個(gè)原則

1、設(shè)計(jì)是建立在對用戶、任務(wù)、環(huán)境的清晰的理解基礎(chǔ)上的

任務(wù)是指用戶想通過產(chǎn)品做什么。如何才能理解用戶、任務(wù)、環(huán)境這三點(diǎn)呢?建議直接在用戶的使用情景中觀察他們的行為,離開辦公室、拜訪用戶、觀察他們?nèi)绾巫觥澳阍O(shè)計(jì)的產(chǎn)品涉及到”的那些事情。

2、用戶需全程參與到設(shè)計(jì)和開發(fā)中來

方式有:到現(xiàn)場調(diào)研、了解用戶的需求;向用戶展示早起的設(shè)計(jì)概念稿;可用性測試原型。

3、通過以用戶為中心的評價(jià),設(shè)計(jì)是不斷被帶動(dòng)和完善的

即使是到了開發(fā)階段,目標(biāo)用戶也應(yīng)該實(shí)際使用demo或原型來完成真實(shí)的任務(wù),我們要去觀察、記錄、分析他們的表現(xiàn)和反饋。

4、設(shè)計(jì)過程是不斷迭代循環(huán)的

比如:設(shè)計(jì)-測試-思考解決方案-重新設(shè)計(jì),直到滿足了用戶需求、可用性評估達(dá)標(biāo)。

5、設(shè)計(jì)要考慮所有影響用戶體驗(yàn)的因素

用戶體驗(yàn)不僅僅是讓一個(gè)系統(tǒng)好用,它涉及到用戶因使用產(chǎn)品、系統(tǒng)、服務(wù)所帶來的感知和反應(yīng)。

6、設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì),需要包含了多學(xué)科的技能和視角

比如:用戶研究員、交互設(shè)計(jì)師、內(nèi)容設(shè)計(jì)師、前端開發(fā)工程師


五、可用性與用戶體驗(yàn)的國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ISO9241

1、規(guī)劃以用戶為中心的設(shè)計(jì)過程

2、理解、明確使用情景

3、明確用戶需求

4、產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)的解決方案來滿足用戶需求(可設(shè)計(jì)多種解決方案,再評估哪種合適)

5、評估設(shè)計(jì)是否滿足用戶需求(如果評估不合適,可能會(huì)回到第2、3、4步重新進(jìn)行)

6、設(shè)計(jì)解決方案來滿足用戶需求

專業(yè)干貨!向國外設(shè)計(jì)師學(xué)習(xí)UX Design 之用戶體驗(yàn)與可用性-藝源科技

這篇以理論為主,先分享這么多,敬請期待下一篇——情境調(diào)研 contextual inquiry 。

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