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經(jīng)典好文!如何為拇指做設(shè)計?
時間:2019-08-08 09:56:07
文章發(fā)布:李陽
原創(chuàng)作者:未知
來源:互聯(lián)網(wǎng)

不久前,和另外一位同事對于某一界面操作按鈕的位置有過爭論,于是產(chǎn)生了對于這一問題的進一步思考,希望也對大家有所啟發(fā)。國內(nèi)應(yīng)該有學(xué)者對這一類問題有過研究,如有不同的觀點,歡迎可以一起探討。

本文通過結(jié)合國外的一項實驗研究,討論手機界面交互設(shè)計中,設(shè)計師應(yīng)當(dāng)擁有的一項設(shè)計思維──為拇指而設(shè)計。


為拇指而設(shè)計

什么是為拇指而設(shè)計?簡單的來說,就是設(shè)計用戶界面讓用戶感覺操作舒適,符合我們手指自然移動的弧度區(qū)域。但是,用戶的操作是很復(fù)雜的,我們會下意識的調(diào)整我們手握設(shè)備的姿勢來觸及顯示屏的不同可操作區(qū)域。我敢打賭,進入大屏?xí)r代后,你一定會伸展握姿或調(diào)整角度來更加容易的觸及不同的區(qū)域。

我們需要做一些思考。研究顯示,大部分的用戶是以下圖的方式抓握手機:以拇指的底部為支點,抵在手機的右下角。

經(jīng)典好文!如何為拇指做設(shè)計?-藝源科技

這個假設(shè)來自于手機專家 Steve Hoober 的一項實驗。當(dāng)時一共有 1333 名參與者參與了該項研究。他通過觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)用戶會用以下三種姿勢進行手機操作:

  • 單手操作:49%

  • 一手支撐,一手操作:36%

  • 雙手操作:15%


經(jīng)典好文!如何為拇指做設(shè)計?-藝源科技

△ 用戶如何使用自己的手機

當(dāng)然,以上數(shù)據(jù)來自大約 60% 的被觀察者,另外約 40% 的被觀察者并沒有操作手機屏幕,而是在通話、聽音樂或者看視頻。

在單手操作的情況下,左右手使用比例:

  • 右手拇指操作:67%

  • 左手拇指操作:33%


Hoober 指出,左撇子的人口數(shù)量大約是總?cè)丝诘?10% ,但是觀察到的左手用戶比例卻高于這一比例??赡艿脑蚴且恍┍挥^察者在操作手機的同時還在做其他的事情,比如抽煙,騎車,喝咖啡,吃德國咖喱香腸等等。

經(jīng)典好文!如何為拇指做設(shè)計?-藝源科技


拇指區(qū)域

這里的拇指區(qū)域以熱圖的形式來展示。它可以顯示出大拇指操作手機屏幕區(qū)域的難易程度。借以Hoober的研究結(jié)果,畫出最常見的使用情境的拇指熱圖:

  • 單手操作

  • 右手拇指操作

  • 拇指底部固定在手機右下角


經(jīng)典好文!如何為拇指做設(shè)計?-藝源科技

△ iPhone6 和 iPhone6 Plus 的拇指熱圖對比

你會發(fā)現(xiàn)安全的綠色區(qū)域大致相似,但是又有所不同。因為我們的大拇指不會隨著屏幕的大小而變化。

與 iPhone 6 相比,iPhone 6 Plus 的 OW 區(qū)域(無法觸及的區(qū)域)明顯增加了很多。另外, iPhone 6 Plus 的綠色舒適區(qū)域的形狀也不太一樣,那是因為尺寸變大后,抓握的手勢改變了,用戶會利用小拇指來穩(wěn)定住手機。這樣的經(jīng)歷讓我有些驚訝。

注:我的拇指無法觸及整個屏幕,但是你的手掌以及拇指或許比我的大。每個人的條件情況可能會不一樣。

如果手的位置改變了,拇指活動區(qū)域會如何改變?有時候你可能會上移你的手握姿勢,將拇指底部固定在手機垂直方向的中間部位,以便更容易的觸及屏幕的一些區(qū)域。如下圖:

經(jīng)典好文!如何為拇指做設(shè)計?-藝源科技

△ 拇指底部固定在手機垂直方向的中間位置

圖中可以清晰地看到 iPhone 6 Plus 的大屏幕所能觸及到的自然區(qū)域。相比而言,在 iPhone 6 上的自然區(qū)域少了一些。


可觸及性

實際上蘋果系統(tǒng)早就考慮到了這一點(從iOS 8開始)。通過兩次輕擊home鍵(不是按下Home鍵展示正在運行的應(yīng)用),iOS會將整個屏幕區(qū)域下移,避免了用戶需要通過被動的改變手握姿勢,來進行想要的操作。

以下是在iPhone 6 Plus上,拇指區(qū)域熱圖與可觸及性結(jié)合的示意圖:

經(jīng)典好文!如何為拇指做設(shè)計?-藝源科技

△ 蘋果演示圖片中拇指位置剛好在綠色自然區(qū)域

另一個觀察來自 John Gruber :就可觸及性而言,屏幕在6 Plus上的移動比例要比在6上的更加智慧,因為可觸及的區(qū)域更加符合一個典型的拇指長度(在拇指底部固定在右下角的常見情境下)。如下圖:

經(jīng)典好文!如何為拇指做設(shè)計?-藝源科技

總體上,手機的尺寸趨于相似,這是一件好事。但是,這也意味著我們不能只是簡單的把5.5英寸的屏幕當(dāng)做小屏幕的放大版。手握姿勢改變了,你的用戶界面也需要考慮更多。因此,原型設(shè)計并進行真實場景下的用戶測試就更加重要了。


個人總結(jié)

原文使用的是 iPhone6 和 iPhone6 Plus 作為研究對象,但是之后出現(xiàn)的新系列 iPhone 與之基本一致(顯示屏和機身尺寸),所以結(jié)論仍然可以用來借鑒。

經(jīng)典好文!如何為拇指做設(shè)計?-藝源科技

值得注意的是,前不久發(fā)布的 iPhone X 的實際尺寸大小介于 8 和 8 Plus 之間,然而X的顯示屏為 5.8 英寸,雖然屏幕寬度和 6、6S、7、8 一樣,但是高度卻高出了 145pt ,大約高出了 22% 。因此,對于設(shè)計師來說如何設(shè)計出舒適操作的交互界面就更加重要了。尤其是在進行創(chuàng)新設(shè)計以及界面可操作元素較少的情況下,可以多考慮為大拇指而設(shè)計。

最后,用下面一個簡單的案例讓大家更好的理解為拇指而設(shè)計:

圖一是按照蘋果的設(shè)計規(guī)范進行的設(shè)計,底部標(biāo)簽欄有五個標(biāo)簽;如果在不改變標(biāo)簽大小和位置的情況下,將標(biāo)簽數(shù)量縮減到3個,你會如何選擇?圖二還是圖三?

經(jīng)典好文!如何為拇指做設(shè)計?-藝源科技

根據(jù)上文的拇指熱區(qū)示意圖,相比于圖二的交互界面,圖三更符合單手拇指的舒適操作。但是在實際項目當(dāng)中,還是需要通過用戶測試來進行驗證,可能還需要適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整標(biāo)簽的位置,而不是簡單的刪除多余的標(biāo)簽。

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標(biāo)簽: 手機界面設(shè)計 用戶體驗 設(shè)計思維
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