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經(jīng)典好文！如何為拇指做設(shè)計(jì)？
時(shí)間：2019-08-08 09:56:07
文章發(fā)布：李陽(yáng)
原創(chuàng)作者：未知
來(lái)源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)

不久前，和另外一位同事對(duì)于某一界面操作按鈕的位置有過(guò)爭(zhēng)論，于是產(chǎn)生了對(duì)于這一問(wèn)題的進(jìn)一步思考，希望也對(duì)大家有所啟發(fā)。國(guó)內(nèi)應(yīng)該有學(xué)者對(duì)這一類(lèi)問(wèn)題有過(guò)研究，如有不同的觀點(diǎn)，歡迎可以一起探討。

本文通過(guò)結(jié)合國(guó)外的一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，討論手機(jī)界面交互設(shè)計(jì)中，設(shè)計(jì)師應(yīng)當(dāng)擁有的一項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)思維──為拇指而設(shè)計(jì)。


為拇指而設(shè)計(jì)

什么是為拇指而設(shè)計(jì)？簡(jiǎn)單的來(lái)說(shuō)，就是設(shè)計(jì)用戶界面讓用戶感覺(jué)操作舒適，符合我們手指自然移動(dòng)的弧度區(qū)域。但是，用戶的操作是很復(fù)雜的，我們會(huì)下意識(shí)的調(diào)整我們手握設(shè)備的姿勢(shì)來(lái)觸及顯示屏的不同可操作區(qū)域。我敢打賭，進(jìn)入大屏?xí)r代后，你一定會(huì)伸展握姿或調(diào)整角度來(lái)更加容易的觸及不同的區(qū)域。

我們需要做一些思考。研究顯示，大部分的用戶是以下圖的方式抓握手機(jī)：以拇指的底部為支點(diǎn)，抵在手機(jī)的右下角。

經(jīng)典好文！如何為拇指做設(shè)計(jì)？-藝源科技

這個(gè)假設(shè)來(lái)自于手機(jī)專(zhuān)家 Steve Hoober 的一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)。當(dāng)時(shí)一共有 1333 名參與者參與了該項(xiàng)研究。他通過(guò)觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)用戶會(huì)用以下三種姿勢(shì)進(jìn)行手機(jī)操作：

  • 單手操作：49%

  • 一手支撐，一手操作：36%

  • 雙手操作：15%


經(jīng)典好文！如何為拇指做設(shè)計(jì)？-藝源科技

△ 用戶如何使用自己的手機(jī)

當(dāng)然，以上數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)自大約 60% 的被觀察者，另外約 40% 的被觀察者并沒(méi)有操作手機(jī)屏幕，而是在通話、聽(tīng)音樂(lè)或者看視頻。

在單手操作的情況下，左右手使用比例：

  • 右手拇指操作：67%

  • 左手拇指操作：33%


Hoober 指出，左撇子的人口數(shù)量大約是總?cè)丝诘?10% ，但是觀察到的左手用戶比例卻高于這一比例?？赡艿脑蚴且恍┍挥^察者在操作手機(jī)的同時(shí)還在做其他的事情，比如抽煙，騎車(chē)，喝咖啡，吃德國(guó)咖喱香腸等等。

經(jīng)典好文！如何為拇指做設(shè)計(jì)？-藝源科技


拇指區(qū)域

這里的拇指區(qū)域以熱圖的形式來(lái)展示。它可以顯示出大拇指操作手機(jī)屏幕區(qū)域的難易程度。借以Hoober的研究結(jié)果，畫(huà)出最常見(jiàn)的使用情境的拇指熱圖：

  • 單手操作

  • 右手拇指操作

  • 拇指底部固定在手機(jī)右下角


經(jīng)典好文！如何為拇指做設(shè)計(jì)？-藝源科技

△ iPhone6 和 iPhone6 Plus 的拇指熱圖對(duì)比

你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)安全的綠色區(qū)域大致相似，但是又有所不同。因?yàn)槲覀兊拇竽粗覆粫?huì)隨著屏幕的大小而變化。

與 iPhone 6 相比，iPhone 6 Plus 的 OW 區(qū)域（無(wú)法觸及的區(qū)域）明顯增加了很多。另外， iPhone 6 Plus 的綠色舒適區(qū)域的形狀也不太一樣，那是因?yàn)槌叽缱兇蠛?，抓握的手?shì)改變了，用戶會(huì)利用小拇指來(lái)穩(wěn)定住手機(jī)。這樣的經(jīng)歷讓我有些驚訝。

注：我的拇指無(wú)法觸及整個(gè)屏幕，但是你的手掌以及拇指或許比我的大。每個(gè)人的條件情況可能會(huì)不一樣。

如果手的位置改變了，拇指活動(dòng)區(qū)域會(huì)如何改變？有時(shí)候你可能會(huì)上移你的手握姿勢(shì)，將拇指底部固定在手機(jī)垂直方向的中間部位，以便更容易的觸及屏幕的一些區(qū)域。如下圖：

經(jīng)典好文！如何為拇指做設(shè)計(jì)？-藝源科技

△ 拇指底部固定在手機(jī)垂直方向的中間位置

圖中可以清晰地看到 iPhone 6 Plus 的大屏幕所能觸及到的自然區(qū)域。相比而言，在 iPhone 6 上的自然區(qū)域少了一些。


可觸及性

實(shí)際上蘋(píng)果系統(tǒng)早就考慮到了這一點(diǎn)（從iOS 8開(kāi)始）。通過(guò)兩次輕擊home鍵（不是按下Home鍵展示正在運(yùn)行的應(yīng)用），iOS會(huì)將整個(gè)屏幕區(qū)域下移，避免了用戶需要通過(guò)被動(dòng)的改變手握姿勢(shì)，來(lái)進(jìn)行想要的操作。

以下是在iPhone 6 Plus上，拇指區(qū)域熱圖與可觸及性結(jié)合的示意圖：

經(jīng)典好文！如何為拇指做設(shè)計(jì)？-藝源科技

△ 蘋(píng)果演示圖片中拇指位置剛好在綠色自然區(qū)域

另一個(gè)觀察來(lái)自 John Gruber ：就可觸及性而言，屏幕在6 Plus上的移動(dòng)比例要比在6上的更加智慧，因?yàn)榭捎|及的區(qū)域更加符合一個(gè)典型的拇指長(zhǎng)度（在拇指底部固定在右下角的常見(jiàn)情境下）。如下圖：

經(jīng)典好文！如何為拇指做設(shè)計(jì)？-藝源科技

總體上，手機(jī)的尺寸趨于相似，這是一件好事。但是，這也意味著我們不能只是簡(jiǎn)單的把5.5英寸的屏幕當(dāng)做小屏幕的放大版。手握姿勢(shì)改變了，你的用戶界面也需要考慮更多。因此，原型設(shè)計(jì)并進(jìn)行真實(shí)場(chǎng)景下的用戶測(cè)試就更加重要了。


個(gè)人總結(jié)

原文使用的是 iPhone6 和 iPhone6 Plus 作為研究對(duì)象，但是之后出現(xiàn)的新系列 iPhone 與之基本一致（顯示屏和機(jī)身尺寸），所以結(jié)論仍然可以用來(lái)借鑒。

經(jīng)典好文！如何為拇指做設(shè)計(jì)？-藝源科技

值得注意的是，前不久發(fā)布的 iPhone X 的實(shí)際尺寸大小介于 8 和 8 Plus 之間，然而X的顯示屏為 5.8 英寸，雖然屏幕寬度和 6、6S、7、8 一樣，但是高度卻高出了 145pt ，大約高出了 22% 。因此，對(duì)于設(shè)計(jì)師來(lái)說(shuō)如何設(shè)計(jì)出舒適操作的交互界面就更加重要了。尤其是在進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)以及界面可操作元素較少的情況下，可以多考慮為大拇指而設(shè)計(jì)。

最后，用下面一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的案例讓大家更好的理解為拇指而設(shè)計(jì)：

圖一是按照蘋(píng)果的設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范進(jìn)行的設(shè)計(jì)，底部標(biāo)簽欄有五個(gè)標(biāo)簽；如果在不改變標(biāo)簽大小和位置的情況下，將標(biāo)簽數(shù)量縮減到3個(gè)，你會(huì)如何選擇？圖二還是圖三？

經(jīng)典好文！如何為拇指做設(shè)計(jì)？-藝源科技

根據(jù)上文的拇指熱區(qū)示意圖，相比于圖二的交互界面，圖三更符合單手拇指的舒適操作。但是在實(shí)際項(xiàng)目當(dāng)中，還是需要通過(guò)用戶測(cè)試來(lái)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證，可能還需要適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整標(biāo)簽的位置，而不是簡(jiǎn)單的刪除多余的標(biāo)簽。

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