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滬江UED團(tuán)隊(duì)出品!用戶體驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)師進(jìn)階實(shí)戰(zhàn)指南(下)
時(shí)間:2019-09-23 09:43:27
文章發(fā)布:李陽(yáng)
原創(chuàng)作者:未知
來(lái)源:互聯(lián)網(wǎng)

互聯(lián)網(wǎng)行業(yè)大步流星、產(chǎn)品迭代周期越來(lái)越短,設(shè)計(jì)挑戰(zhàn)日趨嚴(yán)峻。作為一名奮斗在前沿的設(shè)計(jì)師,你有多久沒(méi)有更新自己的知識(shí)體系了呢?不論新人還是老司機(jī),如何讓自己的成長(zhǎng)速度跟上行業(yè)的飛速發(fā)展,已然成為了一個(gè)重要命題。

本文旨在幫助設(shè)計(jì)師正確、快速的成長(zhǎng),希望給進(jìn)階路上的設(shè)計(jì)者們帶來(lái)思考和啟發(fā)(注:本文主要是指互聯(lián)網(wǎng)產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)、用戶體驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)、交互設(shè)計(jì)、視覺(jué)設(shè)計(jì)等相關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)崗位)。我們認(rèn)為,只有明確了努力的方向、找到了合適的方法、優(yōu)化了學(xué)習(xí)的路徑,才能將每一份努力放大、獲得更好的成效,從而更快更好的實(shí)現(xiàn)我們追尋的目標(biāo)。

那么,我們?cè)撊绾渭铀龠M(jìn)階呢?

首先需要明確,哪些能力是可以快速提升的。下圖是我們建立的設(shè)計(jì)師能力模型,主要包含了3個(gè)方面:

  • 專業(yè)能力

  • 通用能力

  • 影響力

滬江UED團(tuán)隊(duì)出品!用戶體驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)師進(jìn)階實(shí)戰(zhàn)指南(下)-藝源科技

△ 用戶體驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)師能力模型

從人才角度來(lái)說(shuō),專業(yè)能力決定個(gè)人能站多高,通用能力和影響力決定個(gè)人能走多遠(yuǎn)。

其中,通用能力包括了溝通能力、項(xiàng)目管理能力、推動(dòng)力、執(zhí)行力、學(xué)習(xí)能力和創(chuàng)新力等軟技能,而影響力則包括了團(tuán)隊(duì)中對(duì)內(nèi)的影響力、對(duì)外溝通中的影響力、以及行業(yè)中的影響力。這兩種能力,往往是循序漸進(jìn),不斷磨礪和積累而成。

本文所說(shuō)的加速進(jìn)階,主要是指專業(yè)能力的針對(duì)性刻意練習(xí),從而達(dá)到快速進(jìn)階的目標(biāo)。

那么,我們?cè)撊绾慰焖偬嵘龑I(yè)能力呢?方法其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單,一共分為三步:

  • 具備體系化的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)方法論/思維模型

  • 構(gòu)建知識(shí)體系,評(píng)估自己的能力模型

  • 設(shè)計(jì)自己的方案,不斷學(xué)習(xí)和交流


一、具備體系化的產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)方法論/思維模型

滬江UED團(tuán)隊(duì)出品!用戶體驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)師進(jìn)階實(shí)戰(zhàn)指南(下)-藝源科技

△ 3D Design Thinking 模型

設(shè)計(jì)方法論可以幫助設(shè)計(jì)師快速搭建體系化的知識(shí)體系和設(shè)計(jì)思維,從而跳出本職工作的一畝三分地,更加全局的看待產(chǎn)品和團(tuán)隊(duì),對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)工作形成指導(dǎo)。經(jīng)典的方法論和模型并不少,在前篇中,我們也介紹了 3D Design Thinking 的設(shè)計(jì)思維模型,這是基于雙鉆設(shè)計(jì)思維模型,結(jié)合實(shí)際產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)工作形成的一套設(shè)計(jì)思維模型 。


二、構(gòu)建知識(shí)體系,評(píng)估自己的能力模型

1. 構(gòu)建知識(shí)體系

有了科學(xué)的思維模型之后,就可以構(gòu)建出對(duì)應(yīng)的知識(shí)體系,主要可以包括兩類:產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)知識(shí)、產(chǎn)品相關(guān)知識(shí)。

產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)知識(shí)

產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)是設(shè)計(jì)師的核心工作,主要包括了:

  • 需求分析

  • 交互/視覺(jué)設(shè)計(jì)

  • 效果驗(yàn)證

根據(jù) 3D Design Thinking 的劃分,對(duì)應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)前期(Do right things)、中期(Do things right)、后期(Do things better)三個(gè)階段,設(shè)計(jì)師需要對(duì)應(yīng)具備需求分析知識(shí)、交互/視覺(jué)設(shè)計(jì)知識(shí)、效果驗(yàn)證知識(shí)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,我們又對(duì)知識(shí)體系進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步拆分,如下圖:

滬江UED團(tuán)隊(duì)出品!用戶體驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)師進(jìn)階實(shí)戰(zhàn)指南(下)-藝源科技

△ 產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)知識(shí)

前期出色的需求分析能力,可以幫助設(shè)計(jì)師準(zhǔn)確的把握想要解決的核心問(wèn)題,從而明確優(yōu)先級(jí),將業(yè)務(wù)目標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)化成設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo),進(jìn)而進(jìn)行功能組織、信息架構(gòu)梳理等工作。

中期便是傳統(tǒng)印象中的「設(shè)計(jì)本職工作」,長(zhǎng)時(shí)間積累的專業(yè)知識(shí)和出色的設(shè)計(jì)能力,是設(shè)計(jì)師體現(xiàn)價(jià)值的基石。

后期也是很多時(shí)候被設(shè)計(jì)師們忽略的工作,想要驗(yàn)證設(shè)計(jì)成果、體現(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)價(jià)值,最好的辦法就是學(xué)會(huì)如何使用科學(xué)的方法評(píng)估效果、收集反饋。

產(chǎn)品相關(guān)知識(shí)

產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)流程中,為了更好的實(shí)現(xiàn)以用戶為中心的設(shè)計(jì)、承接上下游、促進(jìn)團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)同,設(shè)計(jì)師還需要了解:

  • 商業(yè)

  • 用戶

  • 技術(shù)

我們也對(duì)產(chǎn)品相關(guān)知識(shí)進(jìn)行了梳理和拆分,如下圖:

滬江UED團(tuán)隊(duì)出品!用戶體驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)師進(jìn)階實(shí)戰(zhàn)指南(下)-藝源科技

△ 產(chǎn)品相關(guān)知識(shí)

我們常說(shuō),用戶體驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)就是在不斷平衡商業(yè)利益、用戶訴求、技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)三者之間的關(guān)系,所以商業(yè)、用戶、技術(shù)也是我們必須了解和學(xué)習(xí)的知識(shí)。深入了解用戶研究,可以讓設(shè)計(jì)師真正做到「用戶的視角」,進(jìn)一步了解商業(yè)和技術(shù),會(huì)讓設(shè)計(jì)師能夠跳出單一的視角,能夠真正進(jìn)階到下一個(gè)階段,重新理解產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)和用戶體驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)。

2. 評(píng)估自己的能力模型

上述兩方面的知識(shí)構(gòu)建了設(shè)計(jì)師的知識(shí)體系框架,接下來(lái)要做的事就是基于這個(gè)框架來(lái)給自己各維度的知識(shí)能力做個(gè)評(píng)估。

打分規(guī)則是將知識(shí)的掌握程度分為三個(gè)階段:知、行、知行合一,根據(jù)掌握程度的不同,具體分?jǐn)?shù)從0-5分不同,具體如下:

第一階段:知

0分:完全不知道概念

1分:對(duì)概念略有耳聞,不清楚具體內(nèi)容

2分:了解內(nèi)容,不知道如何應(yīng)用且沒(méi)用過(guò)

第二階段:行

3分:內(nèi)容比較熟悉,只是粗淺用過(guò)

4分:能夠依據(jù)場(chǎng)景運(yùn)用

第三階段:知行合一

5分:熟練運(yùn)用,融會(huì)貫通,舉一反三

有了這樣的評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn),我們結(jié)合知識(shí)框架對(duì)自己的知識(shí)能力做一個(gè)客觀的打分,可以得到如下的圖表:

(注:個(gè)人能力模型并非越全面越好,模型是用來(lái)幫助設(shè)計(jì)師了解自己的知識(shí)范疇。然后相應(yīng)的思考和設(shè)計(jì)適合自己的發(fā)展路徑以及學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃。)

滬江UED團(tuán)隊(duì)出品!用戶體驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)師進(jìn)階實(shí)戰(zhàn)指南(下)-藝源科技

△ 個(gè)人能力評(píng)估(供參考)

對(duì)于 UED 團(tuán)隊(duì)而言,可以將模型升級(jí)成團(tuán)隊(duì)版,從而獲得一張團(tuán)隊(duì)的評(píng)估統(tǒng)計(jì)表。

滬江UED團(tuán)隊(duì)出品!用戶體驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)師進(jìn)階實(shí)戰(zhàn)指南(下)-藝源科技

△ 圖6:團(tuán)隊(duì)知識(shí)能力評(píng)估(供參考)

這么做有兩點(diǎn)好處:

  • 一方面,可以一定程度上反饋出團(tuán)隊(duì)構(gòu)成中的長(zhǎng)短板,相比個(gè)人,團(tuán)隊(duì)的模型需要更加平均,成員之間應(yīng)該需要更加互補(bǔ)。

  • 另一方面,從統(tǒng)計(jì)中可以選定出各有所長(zhǎng)的小伙伴,進(jìn)行單獨(dú)溝通,授權(quán)其組織對(duì)應(yīng)領(lǐng)域的課題研究,從而促進(jìn)團(tuán)隊(duì)間的溝通和交流。


三、設(shè)計(jì)自己的方案,不斷學(xué)習(xí)和交流

有了體系化思維模型,又有了知識(shí)體系,還有了能力模型評(píng)估之后,我們可以說(shuō)對(duì)自己的強(qiáng)項(xiàng)弱項(xiàng)已經(jīng)有了比較清晰的認(rèn)知。這個(gè)時(shí)候該可以進(jìn)入行動(dòng)了:

  • 設(shè)定目標(biāo),基于自己的打分情況,重點(diǎn)列出薄弱部分、希望進(jìn)階的部分,列出優(yōu)先級(jí)。

  • 制定計(jì)劃、限定排期。

  • 行動(dòng),在目標(biāo)的指導(dǎo)下,有限的時(shí)間內(nèi),高強(qiáng)度的刻意練習(xí)。

  • 實(shí)踐,學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)是為了更好的指導(dǎo)實(shí)踐工作,在日常工作中使用并不斷運(yùn)用和更新自己所學(xué),讓學(xué)習(xí)成為工作的助推器。

  • 分享交流,有所收獲的時(shí)候一定要分享和交流,不僅可以提高調(diào)取知識(shí)的效率,你還可能收獲更多不一樣的驚喜。


寫在最后

3D Design Thinking 是我們階段性的學(xué)習(xí)總結(jié),分享給大家,希望能給同樣奮斗在前沿設(shè)計(jì)小伙伴們帶來(lái)思考和啟發(fā)。她現(xiàn)在還是個(gè)孩子,也非常歡迎大家加入我們,幫助我們一起應(yīng)用、迭代和完善她。

成長(zhǎng)是一個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)而累積的過(guò)程,我們追求快速的進(jìn)階,卻不能迷失在急功近利之中。設(shè)計(jì)之路并非一路坦途,只要找到合適的方法,不斷學(xué)習(xí)和堅(jiān)持,相信時(shí)間會(huì)給我們最好的答案。

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