伊人直播app官方正版下载_伊人直播高品质美女在线视频互动社区_伊人直播官方版

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【網(wǎng)站安全】777權(quán)限造成網(wǎng)站被掛木馬
時(shí)間：2016-10-27 11:35:47
文章發(fā)布：
原創(chuàng)作者：未知
來源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)

導(dǎo)讀：經(jīng)常有客戶問我的網(wǎng)站被百度攔截了，提示高危。技術(shù)怎么查詢也找不到原因。藝源視網(wǎng)問是不是技術(shù)把linux系統(tǒng)里網(wǎng)站的核心目錄設(shè)置777文件權(quán)限了？查后發(fā)現(xiàn)果然如此。那么，777是什么?老虎機(jī)嗎?愛偷懶的程序員都該會(huì)心一笑，省事大法啊。這簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)字背后代表了一套偉大的文件權(quán)限控制思想。

一、當(dāng)用戶訪問一個(gè)網(wǎng)頁

這個(gè)時(shí)候，你的服務(wù)器內(nèi)部發(fā)生了什么，請(qǐng)參考下圖。其中任何一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)有漏洞，都會(huì)出問題。注意，本圖片只代表個(gè)人理解，并非真實(shí)流程。

【網(wǎng)站安全】777權(quán)限造成網(wǎng)站被掛木馬-藝源視網(wǎng)

二、文件的權(quán)限只有三種

查詢一下linux的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔，就知道。文件分為，讀、寫、執(zhí)行三種權(quán)限。

r Read 可以打開并讀取內(nèi)容。

w Write 可以修改內(nèi)容，增加內(nèi)容，甚至刪除內(nèi)容。

x Execute 可以當(dāng)做可執(zhí)行程序，或者shell腳本執(zhí)行。

特別注意，對(duì)于目錄來說，x表示可以瀏覽他里頭都有什么文件。

三、文件權(quán)限針對(duì)的是三類用戶。

owner 文件所有者，或者說是創(chuàng)建了這個(gè)文件的人。

group 文件所在的組，一個(gè)組可以包含很多個(gè)owner，但不一定包含當(dāng)前文件這個(gè)owner。

other 其他人，也就是除了當(dāng)前這個(gè)owner，除了當(dāng)前這個(gè)group外的所有人。

四、實(shí)際是什么樣子的。

linux中所有文件都需要記錄這3種權(quán)限和3種人群。3x3=9，再加上一個(gè)標(biāo)記表示“這是不是一個(gè)目錄”，一共10個(gè)標(biāo)記。如圖所示，

【網(wǎng)站安全】777權(quán)限造成網(wǎng)站被掛木馬-藝源視網(wǎng)

這12行表示12個(gè)文件，都是一個(gè)叫sin的人創(chuàng)建都，而且sin的分組是staff。

五、詳細(xì)解釋一下。

我們從前到后逐一說一遍。寫著子母(drwx)的，表示有這個(gè)權(quán)限。寫著橫線(-)的，表示沒有這個(gè)權(quán)限。

drwxrwxrwx

1: 這是不是一個(gè)文件夾。d表示是，-表示否。(如果寫的是l，可以理解為他是快捷方式)

2：owner是否可以讀取這個(gè)文件的內(nèi)容。r表示是，-表示否。

3：owner是否可以改寫這個(gè)文件的內(nèi)容。w表示是，-表示否。

4: owner是否可以執(zhí)行這個(gè)文件。x表示是，-表示否

5：group是否可以讀取這個(gè)文件的內(nèi)容。r表示是，-表示否。

6: group是否可以改寫這個(gè)文件的內(nèi)容。w表示是，-表示否。

7: group是否可以執(zhí)行這個(gè)文件。x表示是，-表示否。

8: other是否可以讀取這個(gè)文件的內(nèi)容。r表示是，-表示否。

9：other是否可以改寫這個(gè)文件的內(nèi)容。w表示是，-表示否。

10：other是否可以執(zhí)行這個(gè)文件。x表示是，-表示否。

六、怎么用數(shù)字方便的表示文件權(quán)限。

因?yàn)?0個(gè)位置中，第1個(gè)不是權(quán)限，我們就只看后邊9個(gè)位置。

如何把這個(gè)權(quán)限轉(zhuǎn)化成數(shù)字呢?rwxrw-r--

owner group other

符號(hào) r w x r w - r - -

二進(jìn)制 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0

相加之和 7 6 4

111 = 2^2 + 2^1 + 2^0 = 7

110 = 2^2 + 2^1 =6

100 = 2^2 = 4

所以rwxrw-r--就變成了：764

七、常用的權(quán)限數(shù)字

常用更改文件權(quán)限的命令，xxx代表文件名

600 只有owner有讀和寫的權(quán)限

644 owner有讀和寫的權(quán)限，group只有讀的權(quán)限

700 只有ower有讀和寫以及執(zhí)行的權(quán)限

666 owner,group,other都有讀和寫的權(quán)限

777 owner,group,other都有讀和寫以及執(zhí)行的權(quán)限

八、終于講到正題了

講了這么說，你應(yīng)該明白777的意思就是，任何人可以干任何事。那等于什么權(quán)限都沒設(shè)啊!linux再安全也架不住自己人刻意制造漏洞吧。這完全等同于把鋼鐵俠屁股上的材料換成了窗戶紙。

linux的安全原則是小權(quán)限原則，能不給的權(quán)限就不要給。而很多懶惰或者新手的程序員往往為了省事使用大權(quán)限。

有的人問，西安網(wǎng)站建設(shè)好后網(wǎng)站需要上傳圖片，需要w很正常，否則圖片放哪呢。那我想問，你家的房子，是不是可以隨便挪動(dòng)?冰箱能挪動(dòng)，承重墻能挪的動(dòng)嗎?請(qǐng)注意，客廳，臥室，廁所，廚房的空間都是rw的，但是承重墻只能是r的，不能隨便w。

同理，網(wǎng)站核心代碼是不可寫的，只能可讀。

學(xué)會(huì)了權(quán)限的基本支持，怎么運(yùn)用呢?(只能說大概意思，具體應(yīng)該怎么部署，還是找專業(yè)都運(yùn)維同學(xué)問吧，我好久沒碰web了。)

假設(shè)我把核心代碼放在/var/www/，我把圖片放在/var/pic/。前者目錄rw，里頭所有文件r。后者本身w，里頭所有文件r

webserver只能解析/var/www/里的文件，不能執(zhí)行/var/pic/里的。這樣不至于讓人家把木馬程序放到/var/pic/里執(zhí)行。

由于每個(gè)網(wǎng)站使用的語言都不一樣，無法做一個(gè)統(tǒng)一說明，只能舉幾個(gè)例子。假如你的網(wǎng)站使用php語言，植入的木馬基本也都是php語言寫的命令。

可以分別試試這兩個(gè)命令，因?yàn)閜hp木馬常用eval和create_function來做壞事(說/var/www/路徑不存在的同學(xué)，面壁思過10分鐘)。

grep "eval(" /var/www/* -r

grep "create_function(" /var/www/* -r

請(qǐng)注意，并不是沒有用777權(quán)限，就萬無一失了，web的漏洞多如牛毛，無孔不入，本文章只是拋磚引玉。有好玉歡迎拿來讓大家欣賞欣賞。

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