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【小程序】小程序?小故事(4)——獲取用戶信息
時(shí)間：2018-07-26 11:30:45
文章發(fā)布：杜凱
原創(chuàng)作者：胡浩
來(lái)源：微信開(kāi)發(fā)者

背景

我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大部分小程序都會(huì)使用 wx.getUserInfo 接口，來(lái)獲取用戶信息。原本設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)接口時(shí)，我們希望開(kāi)發(fā)者在真正需要用戶信息的情況下才去調(diào)取這個(gè)接口，但很多開(kāi)發(fā)者會(huì)直接調(diào)用這個(gè)接口，導(dǎo)致用戶在使用小程序的時(shí)候產(chǎn)生困擾，歸結(jié)起來(lái)有幾點(diǎn)：

小程序.jpg

  • 開(kāi)發(fā)者在小程序首頁(yè)直接調(diào)用 wx.getUserInfo 進(jìn)行授權(quán)，彈框獲取用戶信息，會(huì)使得一部分用戶點(diǎn)擊“拒絕”按鈕。

  • 在開(kāi)發(fā)者沒(méi)有處理用戶拒絕彈框的情況下，用戶必須授權(quán)頭像昵稱等信息才能繼續(xù)使用小程序，會(huì)導(dǎo)致某些用戶放棄使用該小程序。

  • 用戶沒(méi)有很好的方式重新授權(quán)，盡管我們?cè)黾恿?/span>設(shè)置頁(yè)面，可以讓用戶選擇重新授權(quán)，但很多用戶并不知道可以這么操作。

此外，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)開(kāi)發(fā)者默認(rèn)將 wx.login 和 wx.getUserInfo 綁定使用，這個(gè)是由于我們一開(kāi)始的設(shè)計(jì)缺陷和實(shí)例代碼導(dǎo)致的（wx.getUserInfo 必須通過(guò) wx.login 在后臺(tái)生成 session_key后才能調(diào)用）。同時(shí)，我們收到開(kāi)發(fā)者的反饋，希望用戶進(jìn)入小程序首頁(yè)便能獲取到用戶的 unionId，以便識(shí)別到用戶是否以前關(guān)注了同主體公眾號(hào)或使用過(guò)同主體的App 。

為了解決以上問(wèn)題，針對(duì)獲取用戶信息我們更新了三個(gè)能力：

1.使用組件來(lái)獲取用戶信息

2.若用戶滿足一定條件，則可以用wx.login 獲取到的code直接換到unionId

3.wx.getUserInfo 不需要依賴 wx.login 就能調(diào)用得到數(shù)據(jù)

獲取用戶信息組件介紹

 組件變化：

  • open-type 屬性增加 getUserInfo ：用戶點(diǎn)擊時(shí)候會(huì)觸發(fā) bindgetuserinfo 事件。

  • 新增事件 bindgetuserinfo ：當(dāng) open-type為 getUserInfo 時(shí)，用戶點(diǎn)擊會(huì)觸發(fā)?？梢詮氖录祷貐?shù)的 detail 字段中獲取到和 wx.getUserInfo 返回參數(shù)相同的數(shù)據(jù)。

示例：

 Click me

和 wx.getUserInfo 不同之處在于：

1.API wx.getUserInfo 只會(huì)彈一次框，用戶拒絕授權(quán)之后，再次調(diào)用將不會(huì)彈框；

2.組件由于是用戶主動(dòng)觸發(fā)，不受彈框次數(shù)限制，只要用戶沒(méi)有授權(quán)，都會(huì)再次彈框。

通過(guò)獲取用戶信息的組件，就可以解決用戶再次授權(quán)的問(wèn)題。

直接獲取unionId

開(kāi)發(fā)者申請(qǐng) userinfo 授權(quán)主要為了獲取 unionid，我們鼓勵(lì)開(kāi)發(fā)者在不騷擾用戶的情況下合理獲得unionid，而僅在必要時(shí)才向用戶彈窗申請(qǐng)使用昵稱頭像。為此，凡使用“獲取用戶信息組件”獲取用戶昵稱頭像的小程序，在滿足以下全部條件時(shí)，將可以靜默獲得 unionid：

1.在微信開(kāi)放平臺(tái)下存在同主體的App、公眾號(hào)、小程序。

2.用戶關(guān)注了某個(gè)相同主體公眾號(hào)，或曾經(jīng)在某個(gè)相同主體App、公眾號(hào)上進(jìn)行過(guò)微信登錄授權(quán)。


這樣可讓其他同主體的App、公眾號(hào)、小程序的開(kāi)發(fā)者快速獲得已有用戶的數(shù)據(jù)。

不依賴登錄的用戶信息獲取

某些工具類的輕量小程序不需要登錄行為，但是也想獲取用戶信息，那么就可以在 wx.getUserInfo 的時(shí)候加一個(gè)參數(shù) withCredentials: false 直接獲取到用戶信息，可以少一次網(wǎng)絡(luò)請(qǐng)求。

這樣可以在不給用戶彈窗授權(quán)的情況下直接展示用戶的信息。

合適的實(shí)踐

1.調(diào)用 wx.login 獲取 code，然后從微信后端換取到 session_key，用于解密 getUserInfo返回的敏感數(shù)據(jù)。

2.使用 wx.getSetting 獲取用戶的授權(quán)情況
  1) 如果用戶已經(jīng)授權(quán)，直接調(diào)用 API wx.getUserInfo 獲取用戶新的信息；
  2) 用戶未授權(quán)，在界面中顯示一個(gè)按鈕提示用戶登入，當(dāng)用戶點(diǎn)擊并授權(quán)后就獲取到用戶的新信息。

3.獲取到用戶數(shù)據(jù)后可以進(jìn)行展示或者發(fā)送給自己的后端。


One More Thing

除了獲取用戶方案介紹之外，再聊一聊很多初次接觸微信小程序的開(kāi)發(fā)者所不容易理解的一些概念：

1.關(guān)于OpenId和UnionId

OpenId 是一個(gè)用戶對(duì)于一個(gè)小程序／公眾號(hào)的標(biāo)識(shí)，開(kāi)發(fā)者可以通過(guò)這個(gè)標(biāo)識(shí)識(shí)別出用戶。

UnionId 是一個(gè)用戶對(duì)于同主體微信小程序／公眾號(hào)／APP的標(biāo)識(shí)，開(kāi)發(fā)者需要在微信開(kāi)放平臺(tái)下綁定相同賬號(hào)的主體。開(kāi)發(fā)者可通過(guò)UnionId，實(shí)現(xiàn)多個(gè)小程序、公眾號(hào)、甚至APP 之間的數(shù)據(jù)互通了。

同一個(gè)用戶的這兩個(gè) ID 對(duì)于同一個(gè)小程序來(lái)說(shuō)是永久不變的，就算用戶刪了小程序，下次用戶進(jìn)入小程序，開(kāi)發(fā)者依舊可以通過(guò)后臺(tái)的記錄標(biāo)識(shí)出來(lái)。

2.關(guān)于 getUserInfo 和 login

很多開(kāi)發(fā)者會(huì)把 login 和 getUserInfo 捆綁調(diào)用當(dāng)成登錄使用，其實(shí) login 已經(jīng)可以完成登錄，getUserInfo 只是獲取額外的用戶信息。

在 login 獲取到 code 后，會(huì)發(fā)送到開(kāi)發(fā)者后端，開(kāi)發(fā)者后端通過(guò)接口去微信后端換取到 openid 和sessionKey（現(xiàn)在會(huì)將 <code style="margin: 0px 4px 0

小程序開(kāi)發(fā)
標(biāo)簽： 小程序開(kāi)發(fā)
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