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為什么那么多O2O都死了,外賣(mài)和打車(chē)還活著?
時(shí)間:2016-01-11 11:07:25
文章發(fā)布:
原創(chuàng)作者:未知
來(lái)源:互聯(lián)網(wǎng)

      近來(lái)看到新聞?wù)f,很多O2O都死了,其實(shí)他們是應(yīng)該死的,如果他們不死,那么就不符合自然界的發(fā)展規(guī)律了。

 

      他們?yōu)槭裁磿?huì)死呢?是因?yàn)樗麄兲斆髁?。這些創(chuàng)業(yè)者都以為能和滴滴、美團(tuán)一樣,只要拉來(lái)投資燒燒錢(qián),就能估值上百億,就能成功,他們太聰明了,可是現(xiàn)實(shí)卻不是這樣的,即使他們能燒的和滴滴、美團(tuán)一樣的錢(qián),他們照樣還是會(huì)失敗,他們的失敗不是因?yàn)闆](méi)有錢(qián),不是因?yàn)閯?chuàng)業(yè)者不夠努力,不是因?yàn)樗麄儾粫?huì)創(chuàng)業(yè),他們的失敗是因?yàn)轫?xiàng)目不行。

      為什么說(shuō)項(xiàng)目不行?這個(gè)主要是看項(xiàng)目本身的出發(fā)點(diǎn)對(duì)用戶(hù)沒(méi)有價(jià)值,現(xiàn)在很多媒體把它稱(chēng)為“剛需”,不過(guò)在我看來(lái)不是剛需的問(wèn)題,而是是不是常態(tài)的問(wèn)題,吃喝拉撒是剛需,而打車(chē)和外賣(mài)不是剛需,是常態(tài)需求,一個(gè)用戶(hù)可以不打車(chē),但是不能不吃飯,所以說(shuō)吃喝拉撒是剛需,而外賣(mài)和打車(chē)是常態(tài)需求,而打車(chē)和外賣(mài)能繼續(xù)下去是滿(mǎn)足了人類(lèi)的常態(tài)需求。

      什么是常態(tài)需求,就是這個(gè)需求在一個(gè)人生活中所占的比重,比如除了真正的剛需吃喝拉撒之外,出行就是用戶(hù)生活中占比很常態(tài)的需求,除了打車(chē)之外,還有坐火車(chē)、飛機(jī)、公交車(chē)、步行等很多需求,其中占比大的需求步行是第一位的,任何人從出生到學(xué)會(huì)走路都是在步行,步行在出行需求中占比的份額大,其次是公交車(chē),再接著是打車(chē),再接著是火車(chē),最后是飛機(jī),甚至未來(lái)的飛船,隨著出行工具的速度變化和發(fā)展,整個(gè)人類(lèi)群體的需求變化是下降的,也就是說(shuō)一個(gè)人的出行需求中,步行的次數(shù)多,接著是公交車(chē),再接著是打車(chē),然后是火車(chē),最后是飛機(jī),很多人可能一輩子都沒(méi)有坐過(guò)飛機(jī),坐過(guò)火車(chē),但是不可能一輩子沒(méi)有打過(guò)車(chē),所以打車(chē)是一個(gè)非常常態(tài)的需求,或者說(shuō)打車(chē)這個(gè)需求在人類(lèi)出行中占著比較高的份額。

      但是眼下的很多O2O項(xiàng)目需求都不是常態(tài)需求,比如上門(mén)按摩,上門(mén)做指甲,回家吃飯……這些需求都不是常態(tài)需求,只是偶爾需求,我們可以在馬路邊隨機(jī)抽查1000個(gè)人進(jìn)行調(diào)查,在過(guò)去成長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間里,有沒(méi)有做過(guò)上門(mén)按摩,有沒(méi)有喊過(guò)上面做美甲,我們可以仔細(xì)思考一下,可以說(shuō)100%人都不會(huì)有這樣的經(jīng)歷,主要原因還是因?yàn)檫@樣的需求不是我們的常態(tài)需求。其次就是觀(guān)念的問(wèn)題,中國(guó)這個(gè)社會(huì)目前的主流人群是70后,80后,90后,這些人群相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)比較保守,找個(gè)人上面幫你按摩,很多人都不會(huì)這么多。

      比如說(shuō)我最近看到的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目,叫回家吃飯,它的作用就是你下班了沒(méi)有飯吃,可以通過(guò)App付費(fèi)到附近的某個(gè)陌生人家里吃飯,它的需求主要是解決年輕人上班忙沒(méi)有時(shí)間做飯,而一些年齡大的退休老人,在家做飯又沒(méi)有人吃,同時(shí)還可以增加一些收入,這個(gè)想法是好的,但是現(xiàn)實(shí)卻不是這樣。

      首先,上陌生人家里吃飯,不是人類(lèi)群體的常態(tài)需求,因?yàn)橹髁魅巳褐谐燥埜哳l率的地方還是在家里吃飯,接著是飯店,最后才是朋友家,至于付錢(qián)到陌生人家里吃飯,估計(jì)100%人都沒(méi)有過(guò)。其次,這個(gè)需求違背了馬斯洛需求中的安全需求和信任需求,陌生人總是不信任的,何況到一個(gè)陌生人家里吃飯,即使是很熟悉的朋友,能高頻率在一塊吃飯的又有多少呢?最后是整個(gè)人類(lèi)群體的習(xí)慣,目前中國(guó)大部分主流人群還是70后,80后,90后,受中國(guó)儒家文化的影響,到一個(gè)陌生人家里吃飯,大家還是不習(xí)慣的。另外和他們的推廣人員聊過(guò),他們的想法是想顛覆飯店,飯店的這種形式在中國(guó)發(fā)展了好幾千年,也不是一朝一夕可以顛覆的,所以這樣的項(xiàng)目很難成功,即使他們很有錢(qián),不停的地推,不停的在地鐵上做廣告,也是很難成功。

      現(xiàn)在的很多O2O違背了這些習(xí)慣和常態(tài)需求,所以必定失敗。那么為什么打車(chē)和外賣(mài)卻火了?其實(shí)他們的火,不是因?yàn)樗麄兏淖兞巳祟?lèi)的常態(tài)需求,而是優(yōu)化了人類(lèi)的常態(tài)需求,并把這些需求互聯(lián)網(wǎng)化了。

      我們可以仔細(xì)思考一下,打車(chē)出行是人類(lèi)本來(lái)就有的常態(tài)需求,沒(méi)有打車(chē)軟件時(shí),我們打車(chē)是路邊招手或者電話(huà)叫車(chē),打完車(chē)結(jié)束的時(shí)候使用現(xiàn)金支付。但是現(xiàn)在打車(chē)呢?通過(guò)App叫車(chē),可以看到周邊車(chē)的位置,同時(shí)可以等著車(chē)到了身邊,再上車(chē),優(yōu)化了我們的時(shí)間安排,同時(shí),避免了付錢(qián)的找零問(wèn)題。所以說(shuō)App打車(chē)并沒(méi)有改變我們的出行中的常態(tài)需求,只是通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的功能,優(yōu)化了出行的方式。

具體優(yōu)化了哪些呢?我可以列一下:

      1.偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)到的車(chē)的問(wèn)題,在過(guò)去到偏遠(yuǎn)的地方幾乎沒(méi)有出租車(chē)可以打。

      2. 打車(chē)的時(shí)候遇到的拒載問(wèn)題,通過(guò)App打車(chē)拒載降低了很多,過(guò)去拒載只能投訴,而且不管用。

      3. 打車(chē)費(fèi)用高的問(wèn)題,過(guò)去的打車(chē)費(fèi)用越來(lái)越高,App打車(chē)降低了費(fèi)用,如滴滴快車(chē)、Uber。

      4. 找零錢(qián)問(wèn)題,遇到?jīng)]有零錢(qián)找,真是痛苦的事情。

      5. 物品丟失問(wèn)題,過(guò)去打車(chē)東西丟了,不要發(fā)票是找不回來(lái)的,現(xiàn)在能知道司機(jī)的聯(lián)系方式可以找到。

      6. 時(shí)間等待問(wèn)題,過(guò)去打車(chē)在路邊招手,不知道啥時(shí)候能打到車(chē),可能很快打到車(chē),可能等半個(gè)小時(shí)都打不到。

      7.還可能其他方面的問(wèn)題。

      所以說(shuō)滴滴打車(chē)的火爆,不是因?yàn)樗麩X(qián)燒成功的,而且因?yàn)檫@個(gè)項(xiàng)目押對(duì)了領(lǐng)域,滴滴打車(chē)和UBer并沒(méi)有顛覆傳統(tǒng)的打車(chē)這個(gè)出行方式,只是通過(guò)移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的定位、支付等功能優(yōu)化了打車(chē)的體驗(yàn)。同理,外賣(mài)也一樣,過(guò)去叫外賣(mài)的方式和叫車(chē)的方式類(lèi)似,電話(huà)叫外賣(mài),見(jiàn)面付現(xiàn)金,而餓了么、美團(tuán)等通過(guò)移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的功能,優(yōu)化了叫外賣(mài)的方式,所以獲得了成功。

      其實(shí)在當(dāng)下的很多O2O項(xiàng)目中,只有一部分項(xiàng)目是能成功的,另外大部分項(xiàng)目都是必須失敗的,只有項(xiàng)目符合了整個(gè)群體社會(huì)中50%的人類(lèi)需求,才有可能成功,而反觀(guān)哪些必定失敗的項(xiàng)目,這些項(xiàng)目往往都是個(gè)人需求的放大版,而不是群體需求,也就是說(shuō)現(xiàn)在很多創(chuàng)業(yè)者把自己的需求放大后當(dāng)成群體的需求來(lái)進(jìn)行創(chuàng)業(yè),那么都是必定失敗的,創(chuàng)業(yè)是一件非常 理智的事情,容不得個(gè)人的主動(dòng)需求,只有理智的認(rèn)識(shí)到整個(gè)群體的需求,去滿(mǎn)足群體或者優(yōu)化群體的需求,才有可能成功。

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