伊人直播app官方正版下载_伊人直播高品质美女在线视频互动社区_伊人直播官方版

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從蘆山到魯?shù)?專家點評謠言應對進步
時間:2014-08-15 10:05:16
文章發(fā)布:李陽
原創(chuàng)作者:未知
來源:人民日報

近年來,一遇到地震等自然災害或其他突發(fā)性事件,總有謠言流傳,給社會帶來負面效應。2013年4月20日,四川省雅安市蘆山縣發(fā)生7.0級地震后,本報記者曾整理出13大謠言,這次云南魯?shù)榈卣鸢l(fā)生后,記者觀察發(fā)現(xiàn),謠言的土壤在逐漸消解,辟謠已形成合力、漸成自覺。

據(jù)記者查閱,本次魯?shù)榈卣鹬校皩ふ衣氈袑W生劉凍雪速回魯?shù)獒t(yī)院看重傷媽媽”“微信朋友圈為災區(qū)同胞祈?!薄氨本┦姓栒偈忻窬杩钤馇八从械种坪屯倭R”等幾則謠言的關注度較高。但相比蘆山地震等前幾次重大突發(fā)災難事件,這次謠言數(shù)量、刻意造謠的情況都有明顯減少,傳播面也不大,且謠言內容很多為往年重復謠言。

謠言數(shù)量減少

應對謠言“軟戰(zhàn)場”,主流媒體社交平臺合力

“近年來,每次自然災害尤其是地震發(fā)生時,我們都要面對兩個‘戰(zhàn)場’,抗震救災‘主戰(zhàn)場’和應對謠言‘軟戰(zhàn)場’,在新媒體時代‘軟戰(zhàn)場’很值得關注?!敝袊鐣茖W院新聞與傳播研究所副研究員劉瑞生認為,此次魯?shù)榈卣?,謠言無論在傳播廣度還是影響上,都遜于蘆山地震期間的13大謠言,網絡傳播空間基本清朗有序,其中重要原因是我們高度重視網絡謠言這個“第二戰(zhàn)場”,謠言應對水平和機制都有了很大進步提高。

從蘆山到魯?shù)?專家點評謠言應對進步-藝源視網

“本次魯?shù)榈卣鹬?,有關部門對謠言的處理可用及時、權威來形容?!比嗣窬W輿情監(jiān)測室輿情分析師齊思慧認為,本次魯?shù)榈卣鹬?,多?shù)謠言在傳播初期即被監(jiān)測到,重大謠言均在1日內被權威部門辟謠。比如,8月4日“劉凍雪”這則謠言在QQ、微博、微信等社交平臺被轉發(fā)開來,當天便遭到大量網友的舉報,政務機構微博、主流媒體微博以及微博活躍群體紛紛站出來辟謠,并以推送“利用地震救災詐騙五種形式”等信息提醒網友提高警惕,及時遏制謠言,避免網絡謠言泛濫形成多重“次生災害”。

北京師范大學文學院新聞與傳播研究所副教授王穎吉對“劉凍雪”事件也印象深刻。他注意到,“公安部打黑除四害”“民防小衛(wèi)士”“重慶網警”“鄭州日報”等博主都發(fā)布了辟謠信息,“各個博主的影響面不同,共同辟謠使辟謠信息的覆蓋范圍擴大了?!蓖醴f吉說。

齊思慧分析說,本次魯?shù)榈卣?,互?lián)網上主要存在“尋人”“捐款”“救援”“祈?!钡葞最愔{言,謠言種類較前面幾次重大災害有所減少。據(jù)王穎吉觀察,魯?shù)榈卣鹬械闹{言主要集中在以救災為名目的財務詐騙等,與政府行為關聯(lián)較少,對政府救災工作影響很小。

“與過去相比,這次地震后信息公開情況也有進步?!敝猩酱髮W傳播與設計學院副院長張志安說,首先是政務微博真正發(fā)揮出了作用,有關部門通過微博進行滾動播報和點評,即時公布災區(qū)情況和救災進展,已成為普遍現(xiàn)象。其次,經過蘆山地震以來多次突發(fā)事件的“鍛煉”,主流媒體和市場化媒體的微博相互響應,已成為地震災情報道的重要平臺?!绑w現(xiàn)為主流媒體更多報道救災進展和輿論引導,市場化媒體更多審視災難本身和傳播人性化的故事,形成呼應?!睆堉景舱f。

齊思慧認為,值得一提的是,這次“大V”群體少了“災難消費”,多了“伸手援助”。一些“大V”不僅在自媒體輿論場中重申災難報道的倫理規(guī)范,而且與官微形成良性互動,幫助救援。

打謠行動見效

公眾網絡素養(yǎng)提升,理性網友參與辨謠圍剿

“除了媒體和有關方面針對魯?shù)榈卣鹬械闹{言預防得力、辟謠及時外,公眾也在微博、微信上積極轉發(fā)辟謠信息,這體現(xiàn)了公眾辨謠素質的提高和社會責任感的增強。”清華大學新聞與傳播學院教授王君超說。

“謠言一出頭即受到網民和媒體的‘圍剿’,這是當前一道亮麗的景觀?!眲⑷鹕J為,謠言已成人人喊打的“過街鼠”,這和多次突發(fā)事件中公眾不斷提高免疫力、警惕性有關?!皽喫竺妗笔录腕w現(xiàn)了大家對謠言的警惕。張志安也認為,公眾的網絡素養(yǎng)在逐步提升,不少網友對網上爆料信息不再偏聽偏信,而是養(yǎng)成了驗證核實的習慣。

“這種警惕性的提高與近年來的網絡空間治理,尤其是去年以來的網絡謠言治理專項行動密不可分。”齊思慧說。南京大學新聞傳播學院教授方延明也認為,政府不斷加大信息公開,加上最近幾年對造謠傳謠的有力打擊,打謠治謠已收到明顯效果。

“除了應對網絡的素養(yǎng)有所提升,大家對自然災害的知識更豐富,認識也更客觀?!敝心县斀浾ù髮W教授喬新生認為,汶川大地震之后,我們關于自然災害的報道已非常充分,這在無形之中壓縮了謠言產生和傳播的空間。

防謠再進一步

完善機制、持續(xù)宣傳,營造人人抵制謠言的積極氛圍

此次魯?shù)榈卣疠浨榈囊粋€特點,是此前出現(xiàn)過的謠言和造謠手段再次出現(xiàn),對此,專家們怎么看?

王穎吉認為,謠言本身就是具有重復性的,許多謠言,比如“日本向中國輸入一批核污染海鮮”“小龍蝦重金屬超標”等等,都一直屢禁不絕。這些實際上是公眾對某些問題的重視或信息不透明造成的猜測懷疑。要想解決這種謠言重復傳播問題,直接地便是要保障信息公開,更為根本的則是解決公眾關心的問題,打消公眾心中的疑慮。

劉瑞生認為,在傳播渠道極為多樣、人人皆是傳播者的微傳播新媒體時代,我們要營造人人抵制謠言的積極氛圍。

張志安表示,謠言的類型很多,不僅會在突發(fā)事件發(fā)生時產生,平時關于食品安全等方面的季節(jié)性謠言也一輪接一輪,因此防謠之路不能松懈。

今后如何應對謠言?“一是政府和新聞媒體要利用好平臺,二是持續(xù)宣傳,讓公眾進一步提高鑒別能力?!睆堉景脖硎?,應進一步利用好和完善好現(xiàn)有的謠言鑒定和澄清機制,比如政府擁有自媒體平臺,可第一時間發(fā)出權威聲音,比過去只召開發(fā)布會再請傳統(tǒng)媒體跟進報道的做法有效率。此外,新聞媒體組織的辟謠聯(lián)盟,在傳統(tǒng)媒體和網絡媒體間形成聯(lián)動,將公信力和時效性做結合,大力扼殺謠言生存的空間。

王穎吉表示,具體來說,政府要做好信息公開工作、完善日常輿情監(jiān)測與分析機制、建立完善問責制度與法律教育以及追究承接機制,傳媒機構要堅守社會責任、提高業(yè)務素質和媒介公信力,公民要加強媒介素養(yǎng)和法律道德意識、加強心理建設和公民意識等,非政府組織則要配合政府應急處理工作、利用自身優(yōu)勢積極參與應急處置、向公眾普及科學知識以提高公眾對社會風險正確認識的能力。(本報記者 馬 龍 呂毅品 人民網記者 賈 玥

(李遠哲參與采寫)

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