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中國(guó)網(wǎng)民一年因侵權(quán)損失1434億 誰(shuí)動(dòng)了網(wǎng)民的權(quán)益
時(shí)間：2014-09-04 10:16:41
文章發(fā)布：李陽(yáng)
原創(chuàng)作者：未知
來(lái)源：人民日?qǐng)?bào)

中國(guó)網(wǎng)民一年因侵權(quán)損失1434億 誰(shuí)動(dòng)了網(wǎng)民的權(quán)益-藝源視網(wǎng)

8月27日，在2014中國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)大會(huì)上，首屆中國(guó)網(wǎng)民權(quán)益保護(hù)論壇舉辦。論壇上，中國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)協(xié)會(huì)12321舉報(bào)中心發(fā)布了《中國(guó)網(wǎng)民權(quán)益保護(hù)調(diào)查報(bào)告（2014）》。

報(bào)告調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)顯示，最近一年網(wǎng)民因各類侵權(quán)遭受的損失合計(jì)達(dá)1434億元。目前，我國(guó)網(wǎng)民權(quán)益遭受侵害的情況十分嚴(yán)峻。網(wǎng)民權(quán)益保障的現(xiàn)狀與網(wǎng)民的普遍預(yù)期還有一定差距，損害網(wǎng)民權(quán)益的現(xiàn)象短期內(nèi)難以徹底清除。

網(wǎng)民權(quán)益保護(hù)現(xiàn)狀堪憂

網(wǎng)購(gòu)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜索、社交軟件、游戲、在線旅游網(wǎng)站等成“重災(zāi)區(qū)”

今年3月，攜程網(wǎng)被曝光因安全支付漏洞導(dǎo)致部分用戶銀行卡信息外泄。泄露信息包括用戶姓名、身份證號(hào)、銀行卡類別、卡號(hào)、CVV碼等，嚴(yán)重侵害了網(wǎng)民的選擇權(quán)、知情權(quán)和隱私權(quán)。

不只是這些引人注目的侵權(quán)事件。其實(shí)，侵害網(wǎng)民權(quán)益的行為在生活中正時(shí)時(shí)發(fā)生，小到被迫接收垃圾短信，大到網(wǎng)絡(luò)詐騙。

報(bào)告指出，綜合網(wǎng)民的時(shí)間損失和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失，網(wǎng)民年度損失估計(jì)達(dá)1434億元，其中時(shí)間折換損失為340.5億元，經(jīng)濟(jì)損失為1093億元。網(wǎng)民權(quán)益的保護(hù)已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)不容忽視、亟待解決的問(wèn)題。

其中，網(wǎng)購(gòu)令網(wǎng)民權(quán)益損失嚴(yán)重，網(wǎng)民遭受損失的范圍廣，平均損失規(guī)模大，曾在網(wǎng)購(gòu)中遭受損失的網(wǎng)民比例高達(dá)65.3%，平均經(jīng)濟(jì)損失為176.2元。

除網(wǎng)購(gòu)?fù)?，網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜索、社交軟件、游戲、在線旅游網(wǎng)站等也是網(wǎng)民權(quán)益遭受侵害的“重災(zāi)區(qū)”。68.6%的旅游網(wǎng)站用戶遭遇過(guò)時(shí)間損失，大約有一半的旅游網(wǎng)站用戶遭遇過(guò)經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。在100張來(lái)自旅游網(wǎng)站的機(jī)票中，就有6張可能是假機(jī)票。在網(wǎng)絡(luò)或手機(jī)游戲里遭受經(jīng)濟(jì)損失的用戶達(dá)五成，平均損失為174.5元。

個(gè)人信息泄露也是網(wǎng)民權(quán)益遭受侵害的重要領(lǐng)域。有91%的網(wǎng)民認(rèn)為其身份證和手機(jī)號(hào)曾經(jīng)通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)被公開(kāi)過(guò)；超過(guò)80%的網(wǎng)民承認(rèn)自己家庭住址、姓名和銀行卡號(hào)遭到網(wǎng)絡(luò)泄露；超過(guò)50%以上的網(wǎng)民，確認(rèn)學(xué)歷、醫(yī)療、體檢記錄、個(gè)人社會(huì)關(guān)系、工作單位、婚姻狀況和地理位置等主要信息遭到泄露。

這份報(bào)告指明，除了時(shí)間損失和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失，網(wǎng)民權(quán)益的損失還應(yīng)包括精神損失。例如，在游戲中遭遇其他玩家開(kāi)外掛、在網(wǎng)購(gòu)平臺(tái)遭遇網(wǎng)絡(luò)水軍和虛假評(píng)價(jià)、在網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜索時(shí)個(gè)人信息被泄露、在網(wǎng)上被不文明語(yǔ)言攻擊等等，都涉及網(wǎng)民權(quán)益的損害。但是由于精神損失不易量化測(cè)量，因此并沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)在這份數(shù)據(jù)中。

“中國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)誠(chéng)信的狀態(tài)或者誠(chéng)信的管控機(jī)制，落后于整個(gè)業(yè)界的發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài)?！卑俣葟V告運(yùn)營(yíng)規(guī)劃部高級(jí)經(jīng)理朱文慶坦言。

法律保障、維權(quán)渠道尚不完善

目前的法律法規(guī)還沒(méi)有專門設(shè)定“網(wǎng)民權(quán)益”的概念

“2013年網(wǎng)購(gòu)?fù)对V超過(guò)1萬(wàn)例，但這只是冰山一角?！闭劦疆?dāng)前我國(guó)電子商務(wù)產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量問(wèn)題時(shí)，中國(guó)質(zhì)量認(rèn)證中心市場(chǎng)項(xiàng)目部負(fù)責(zé)人毛可昕介紹說(shuō)，由于關(guān)于網(wǎng)購(gòu)的法律法規(guī)和相關(guān)政策仍然不夠完善，只有少部分網(wǎng)民選擇向有關(guān)部門投訴，大部分網(wǎng)民選擇向賣家或向電商平臺(tái)投訴、協(xié)商，甚至“自己認(rèn)栽”。

“雖然網(wǎng)購(gòu)造成的損失較大，但是網(wǎng)民對(duì)網(wǎng)購(gòu)的評(píng)價(jià)依然相對(duì)較高，這是因?yàn)榫W(wǎng)購(gòu)平臺(tái)普遍會(huì)采取一些保障網(wǎng)民權(quán)益的措施。相反，在游戲、社交、即時(shí)通訊上，雖然人們用得多，但是涉及資金不多，所以相關(guān)保障有所欠缺。” 12321不良與垃圾信息舉報(bào)受理中心副主任郝智超介紹。

在北京志霖律師事務(wù)所律師趙占領(lǐng)看來(lái)，網(wǎng)民權(quán)益受損不僅體現(xiàn)在經(jīng)濟(jì)或時(shí)間的損失上，更體現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)民的公民權(quán)利上，“目前的法律法規(guī)還沒(méi)有專門設(shè)定‘網(wǎng)民權(quán)益’這樣一個(gè)概念”。

郝智超認(rèn)為，一方面，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)自身的特性，導(dǎo)致治理困難；另一方面，我國(guó)關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)權(quán)益保護(hù)方面的法律法規(guī)和相關(guān)政策的不完善，也影響了網(wǎng)民權(quán)益的保護(hù)措施出臺(tái)。

“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上，玩家或商戶可以戴著面具生活，甚至無(wú)所不為?！敝煳膽c認(rèn)為，“在中國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的生態(tài)里，仍然缺少一些監(jiān)管機(jī)制或制約工具，常常是要么找不到人，要么找到人也不知道怎么做”。

此外，我國(guó)維權(quán)渠道建設(shè)不完善也是影響網(wǎng)絡(luò)維權(quán)的重要原因。以12321網(wǎng)絡(luò)不良與垃圾信息舉報(bào)受理中心為例，作為行業(yè)組織，即使接到舉報(bào)，也要根據(jù)事件性質(zhì)的重要程度不同，移交公安機(jī)關(guān)、工商等國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu)處理，舉報(bào)中心并不能直接迅速地對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)侵權(quán)行為進(jìn)行干預(yù)。

多方聯(lián)手營(yíng)造安全網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境

建立網(wǎng)絡(luò)黑名單，共享信用體系，侵權(quán)行為應(yīng)曝光處罰

今年6月，國(guó)務(wù)院發(fā)布了《社會(huì)信用體系建設(shè)規(guī)劃綱要（2014—2020年）》，提出了建設(shè)社會(huì)信用體系的重要性。網(wǎng)絡(luò)信用體系作為社會(huì)信用體系的一個(gè)重要組成部分，在網(wǎng)民權(quán)益保護(hù)上具有重要意義。

“建立網(wǎng)絡(luò)黑名單記錄，并共享網(wǎng)絡(luò)信用體系，讓在網(wǎng)上從事非法活動(dòng)的失信者一處失信處處受限。只有將那些損害網(wǎng)民權(quán)益的人曝光處罰，才能真正保護(hù)網(wǎng)民權(quán)益。”中國(guó)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)協(xié)會(huì)反垃圾信息工作信息委員會(huì)主任委員黃澄清表示。

針對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)侵權(quán)難以投訴舉報(bào)的特點(diǎn)，郝智超認(rèn)為，“維護(hù)網(wǎng)民權(quán)益的第一步是完善投訴舉報(bào)受理機(jī)制，建立公眾監(jiān)督體系”。

據(jù)介紹，12321不良與垃圾信息舉報(bào)受理中心結(jié)合舉報(bào)受理工作，正在探索嘗試建立以各類黑白名單為主的網(wǎng)絡(luò)信用體系，向行業(yè)和公眾公布信譽(yù)良好的企業(yè)和開(kāi)發(fā)商名單。該中心自2013年起，發(fā)起手機(jī)應(yīng)用商店“安全百店”行動(dòng)，在主流應(yīng)用商店的下載頁(yè)中，加入一鍵舉報(bào)按鈕。網(wǎng)民只要點(diǎn)擊，就能將發(fā)現(xiàn)的不良及違法應(yīng)用舉報(bào)到12321，經(jīng)核實(shí)后統(tǒng)一下架處置。

除了政府機(jī)構(gòu)，許多互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司也在積極努力，通過(guò)采取黑白名單和加強(qiáng)資質(zhì)審查等方法來(lái)維護(hù)自身和用戶利益。百度公司負(fù)責(zé)人，已推出了實(shí)名認(rèn)證，主要通過(guò)第三方作為權(quán)威驗(yàn)證。網(wǎng)站做這些認(rèn)證越多，向網(wǎng)民坦白的內(nèi)容越多，信譽(yù)等級(jí)就越高。

奇虎360公司加入了人工審查環(huán)節(jié)。據(jù)介紹，現(xiàn)在每一個(gè)正版移動(dòng)應(yīng)用背后，都可能隱藏著眾多盜版應(yīng)用，嚴(yán)重?fù)p害網(wǎng)民和開(kāi)發(fā)公司利益，“我們引入人工審查和不斷回掃機(jī)制，保障各方權(quán)益。各個(gè)公司也必須意識(shí)到，維護(hù)網(wǎng)民的利益最終也是在維護(hù)自己的利益?！逼婊?60手機(jī)助手運(yùn)營(yíng)總監(jiān)郭子文說(shuō)

如何使網(wǎng)民權(quán)益得到很大的保護(hù)？郝智超坦言，除了政府和企業(yè)的努力，網(wǎng)民自身的維權(quán)和防范意識(shí)才是真正推動(dòng)網(wǎng)民權(quán)益維護(hù)發(fā)展的根本力量。因此，開(kāi)展大量的網(wǎng)民權(quán)益保護(hù)宣傳教育必不可少?！熬W(wǎng)民權(quán)益保護(hù)不僅是政府的職責(zé)和企業(yè)的義務(wù)，同時(shí)更需要網(wǎng)民自我保護(hù)意識(shí)的提高。網(wǎng)民的參與，才是重要的組成部分。”（魏 薇 賀 琰）

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