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}
圍繞“三個有利于” 加快網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融安全體系建設(shè)
時間：2014-09-22 12:00:57
文章發(fā)布：李陽
原創(chuàng)作者：未知
來源：學習時報

網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融，作為國家金融體系的重要組成部分，是網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)與現(xiàn)代金融相結(jié)合的新興領(lǐng)域，是借助互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、移動通信等技術(shù)實現(xiàn)資金融通、支付和信息傳遞等業(yè)務(wù)的新興金融模式，具備低成本、高效率、廣覆蓋、高風險等特征。

近年來，在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)、通信技術(shù)以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融從業(yè)主體相互競爭三大動力助推下，國際、國內(nèi)網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融業(yè)務(wù)飛速發(fā)展，呈現(xiàn)出去實體化、去中介化、去行政化、去國界化、去中心化的發(fā)展趨勢，對傳統(tǒng)的有形金融市場、貨幣體系、金融監(jiān)管體系形成了強力沖擊。面對日趨復雜的網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融安全形勢，加強網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融安全體系建設(shè)勢在必行。

網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融安全體系建設(shè)的方向和原則

新的網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融安全體系的構(gòu)建應堅持三個方向和原則，即“三個有利于”。

有利于促進金融業(yè)的健康有序發(fā)展。我們的一切改革都是為了方便群眾，網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融安全體系改革也不例外。新的網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融安全體系的構(gòu)建，應當把促進金融業(yè)的健康有序發(fā)展作為基本立足點，讓群眾充分享受網(wǎng)絡(luò)科技發(fā)展與金融業(yè)態(tài)創(chuàng)新融合互動所帶來的便捷。

圍繞“三個有利于” 加快網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融安全體系建設(shè)-藝源視網(wǎng)

有利于提高金融業(yè)的安全性。新的網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融安全體系的構(gòu)建應當把維護國家金融安全擺在更加突出的位置，在確保金融安全的大前提下，讓群眾充分享受便捷金融服務(wù)。一方面，要想方設(shè)法保障網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部的安全，另一方面要防止網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融的發(fā)展對實體經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)生顯性或隱性的劇烈沖擊。

有利于維護貨幣體系的穩(wěn)定。隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融的進一步發(fā)展，更多的金融業(yè)務(wù)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)虛擬空間展開，將對現(xiàn)有的貨幣體系產(chǎn)生一定的沖擊。維護貨幣體系的穩(wěn)定應當成為網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融安全體系構(gòu)建的一個基本政策目標。

提高我國網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融安全管控能力和水平

為促進我國網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融業(yè)的良性健康發(fā)展和確保國家金融安全，必須圍繞上述“三個有利于”的改革方向和原則，加快六個方面的建設(shè)，搶抓網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融發(fā)展的歷史機遇。

加快推進網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融法律制度建設(shè)。立足當前我國網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融發(fā)展過程中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的或者即將出現(xiàn)的帶有普遍性的問題，借鑒國外相關(guān)領(lǐng)域法律制度建設(shè)的成功經(jīng)驗，加快我國網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融法律制度建設(shè)步伐，不斷提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融法律制度體系的系統(tǒng)性、科學性，為我國網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融業(yè)的長期健康發(fā)展奠定堅實的法律制度基礎(chǔ)。一是應當盡快制定出臺網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融管理條例。該條例旨在初步規(guī)范網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融行為，為網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融立法工作創(chuàng)造條件、爭取時間。二是盡快研究制定網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融法。當前我國網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融法律體系建設(shè)遠遠滯后于網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融業(yè)務(wù)的創(chuàng)新發(fā)展，很多領(lǐng)域都面臨著無法可依的尷尬境地。要加快網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融立法步伐，盡快彌補有關(guān)領(lǐng)域法律空白，明確網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融主體的相關(guān)權(quán)利和義務(wù)。三是盡快調(diào)整現(xiàn)有法律體系?，F(xiàn)有法律體系沒有充分體現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融發(fā)展的要求，亟需調(diào)整和充實。比如說，是否可以考慮進一步補充和完善《刑法》中關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融犯罪的內(nèi)容和相關(guān)條款，加大網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融犯罪的量刑力度，威懾網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融犯罪分子；《民法》當中也應當體現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融發(fā)展的要求，可以進一步明確，造成網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融安全問題的行為應根據(jù)不同情況承擔相應的民事責任。

加快構(gòu)建和完善網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融監(jiān)管體制機制。一是明確發(fā)展“紅線”。盡快明晰政策框架，將網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融納入監(jiān)管體系，明確監(jiān)管底線，以“負面清單”促發(fā)展。二是建立風險“防火墻”和投資者保護機制。以保證金形式建立行業(yè)風險基金，可參考國際無抵押貸款平均壞賬率（4%~5%），要求線上平臺按信貸規(guī)模繳納保證金，或通過商業(yè)銀行托管P2P企業(yè)資金，防范道德風險。三是建立和完善網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融監(jiān)管組織架構(gòu)。研究建立國家網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融監(jiān)管局，負責網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融日常監(jiān)管；建立國家網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融安全監(jiān)測中心，監(jiān)測國內(nèi)外網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融動態(tài)，為網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融監(jiān)管提供數(shù)據(jù)支持；建立網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融安全聯(lián)席會議制度，統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)央行、銀監(jiān)會、證監(jiān)會、保監(jiān)會、工信部、公安部等相關(guān)部門加強網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融監(jiān)管。四是充實網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融監(jiān)管內(nèi)容。重點把好現(xiàn)場檢查和非現(xiàn)場檢查兩道關(guān)口。現(xiàn)場檢查要加大技術(shù)、場地以及設(shè)備等要素檢查力度，包括網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融客戶口令管理、網(wǎng)絡(luò)防火墻功能、網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融參與者的場地以及關(guān)鍵設(shè)備的安全情況等檢查。非現(xiàn)場檢查要著重檢查業(yè)務(wù)開展情況，包括業(yè)務(wù)合法合規(guī)性、交易額、網(wǎng)上銀行客戶數(shù)、業(yè)務(wù)覆蓋區(qū)域和盈利能力、受到黑客攻擊和入侵的次數(shù)、受到病毒感染的次數(shù)以及業(yè)務(wù)運作系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)問題的次數(shù)等，及時掌握網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融業(yè)務(wù)動態(tài)。五是完善網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融監(jiān)管方式。充分利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息優(yōu)勢，建立實時跟蹤監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)，加強監(jiān)控，同時采取“制定規(guī)則，巡邏抽查”的方式，對網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融的運行狀況及是否“違規(guī)”進行抽查，一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)，應及時糾正并給予相應處罰。六是加強行業(yè)自律、提升行業(yè)規(guī)范。通過建立網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融行業(yè)協(xié)會，加強行業(yè)自律，提升行業(yè)規(guī)范和風險自控能力，推動網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融走上虛擬網(wǎng)絡(luò)與實體網(wǎng)絡(luò)相結(jié)合、線上業(yè)務(wù)與線下交易相結(jié)合、快捷便利與安全穩(wěn)健相結(jié)合的發(fā)展之路。

加快制定和完善國家網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融總體規(guī)劃。國家應高度重視網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融規(guī)劃，采用“完善頂層設(shè)計”與“摸著石頭過河”相結(jié)合的方式，引導網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融健康有序發(fā)展。一是由國務(wù)院責成相關(guān)部門，牽頭整合學界、實務(wù)界的資源和力量，制定出臺國家網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融發(fā)展總體規(guī)劃，明確總體目標、實現(xiàn)路徑和配套政策。加強規(guī)劃實施的組織領(lǐng)導和保障力量，切實將總體規(guī)劃落到實處，確保網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融發(fā)展不出現(xiàn)偏差。二是要高度重視對網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融創(chuàng)新的研究、監(jiān)測、分析和風險防控。一方面不斷創(chuàng)造、設(shè)計、開發(fā)出新的金融工具或組合金融工具，豐富網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融產(chǎn)品層次，推動網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融快速發(fā)展。另一方面對各種金融工具可能帶來的安全風險以及現(xiàn)有監(jiān)管體制中可能引致監(jiān)管失效或監(jiān)管缺位的問題，全面、深入、細致的分析和把握，有針對性地做出政策調(diào)整。

加快構(gòu)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融國際合作機制。隨著綜合國力的逐步增強和國際金融市場份額的不斷擴大，我國應積極推動構(gòu)建公平、公正、有序的國際網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融合作機制。一是發(fā)起設(shè)立國際網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融合作組織。按照從易到難、由點及面、逐步展開的原則，先從周邊國家、友好國家做起，逐一簽署或聯(lián)合簽訂網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融合作協(xié)定，聯(lián)合開展網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融安全壓力測試。二是推動召開網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融安全國際會議。在網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融系統(tǒng)風險預警能力建設(shè)、國際網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融監(jiān)管機構(gòu)職能提升等方面，適時提出主張、觀點，發(fā)揮負責任大國作用。與各國政府加強合作，監(jiān)控國際資本游動，防范國際資本利用我國可能存在的金融系統(tǒng)性缺陷和漏洞，攻擊我國金融系統(tǒng)，危害國家金融安全。三是積極倡導和推動建立網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融安全國際標準。參與甚至主導國際網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融的監(jiān)測、管控和制度建設(shè)，維護國際網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融安全，為我國的金融安全營造良好的外部環(huán)境。四是著力提高人民幣在虛擬貨幣中的定價權(quán)，助推人民幣國際化，搶占國際網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略制高點。

加快推進網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融技術(shù)支撐能力建設(shè)。大力發(fā)展先進的、具有自主知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的硬件設(shè)備和信息技術(shù)，擺脫對先進國家的技術(shù)依賴，提高技術(shù)自主能力，從根本上防范國家網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融安全的技術(shù)漏洞。一是硬件方面。要重點加強服務(wù)器、路由器等節(jié)點設(shè)備尤其是其中的核心部件的自主生產(chǎn)能力，并擴大自主設(shè)備的應用范圍。二是軟件方面。要重點加強數(shù)據(jù)庫、操作系統(tǒng)、密鑰管理和數(shù)字簽名等自主技術(shù)的發(fā)展

加快構(gòu)建網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融專業(yè)人才隊伍體系。一是設(shè)立國家網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融學院。專業(yè)和系統(tǒng)地培養(yǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融專業(yè)人才。二是加強學科培養(yǎng)。鼓勵現(xiàn)有高校增設(shè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融專業(yè)。財經(jīng)院校要把握網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融發(fā)展趨勢，加大金融業(yè)務(wù)知識和網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息技術(shù)教學的融合力度，對銀行、證券、保險、基金、信托、網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)等相關(guān)課程進行交叉教學、復合教學，著力培養(yǎng)復合型、綜合型金融管理人才，為網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融監(jiān)管提供高端人才儲備。三是吸引國際專業(yè)人才。有計劃地從國際市場引進急需的專業(yè)人才，改善我國網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融專業(yè)人才隊伍結(jié)構(gòu)。四是加強現(xiàn)有人員培訓。積極采取舉辦培訓班、考察學習、交流訪問、掛職實習、委托培養(yǎng)等方式，加強對現(xiàn)有網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融人員的培訓，提高從業(yè)能力和水平。建立和完善網(wǎng)絡(luò)金融從業(yè)人員資格考試和認證制度，嚴格行業(yè)入口關(guān)。

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標簽： 網(wǎng)絡(luò)科技發(fā)展 硬件設(shè)備和信息技術(shù)
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